Early studies of transmissible tumors in chickens provided evidence that viruses such as avian leukosis virus (ALV) and Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) can cause cancer in these animals. Doubts about the relevance to human tumors and failures to replicate some early work meant the field of tumor virology followed a bumpy course. Nevertheless, viruses that can cause cancers in rodents and humans were ultimately identified, and several Nobel prizes were awarded for work in this area. In this excerpt from his forthcoming book on the history of cancer research, Joe Lipsick looks back at the early history of tumor virus research, from some of the early false starts and debates, to discovery of reverse transcriptase, and identification of human papilloma virus (HPV) as the major cause of cervical cancer.

中文翻译：

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癌症研究史：肿瘤病毒

对鸡传染性肿瘤的早期研究提供的证据表明，禽白血病病毒 (ALV) 和劳氏肉瘤病毒 (RSV) 等病毒可导致这些动物患癌。对与人类肿瘤的相关性的怀疑以及未能复制一些早期工作意味着肿瘤病毒学领域经历了一个坎坷的过程。然而，最终确定了可导致啮齿动物和人类癌症的病毒，并因在该领域的工作而获得了多项诺贝尔奖。在他即将出版的关于癌症研究历史的书中的这段节选中，Joe Lipsick 回顾了肿瘤病毒研究的早期历史，从一些早期的错误开始和争论，到逆转录酶的发现，以及人类乳头瘤病毒的鉴定（ HPV）作为宫颈癌的主要原因。