Research has described several features shared between musical rhythm and speech or language, and experimental studies consistently show associations between performance on tasks in the two domains as well as impaired rhythm processing in children with language disorders. Motivated by these results, in the current study our first aim was to explore whether a short exposure to a regular musical rhythm (i.e., rhythmic priming) can improve subsequent grammatical processing in preschool-aged Hungarian-speaking children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD). Second, we investigated whether rhythmic priming is specific to grammar processing by assessing priming in two additional domains: a linguistic but non-grammatical task (picture naming) and a non-linguistic task (nonverbal Stroop task). Third, to confirm that the rhythmic priming effect originates from the facilitating effect of the regular rhythm and not the negative effect of the control condition, we added a third condition, silence, for all the three tasks. Both groups of children showed better performance on the grammaticality judgment task in the regular compared to both the irregular and the silent conditions but no such effect appeared in the non-grammatical and non-linguistic tasks. These results suggest that (1) rhythmic priming can improve grammatical processing in Hungarian, a language with complex morphosyntax, both in children with and without DLD, (2) the effect is specific to grammar and (3) is a result of the facilitating effect of the regular rhythm. These results could motivate further research about integrating rhythmic priming into traditional speech-language therapy. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/zKzGuIjZyvU.

中文翻译：

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有节奏的启动是否可以改善有和没有发育性语言障碍的讲匈牙利语的儿童的语法处理？

研究已经描述了音乐节奏和语音或语言之间共有的几个特征，实验研究一致表明，这两个领域的任务表现之间存在关联，以及语言障碍儿童的节奏处理受损。受这些结果的启发，在目前的研究中，我们的第一个目标是探索短时间接触有规律的音乐节奏（即节奏启动）是否可以改善有和没有发育性语言障碍的学龄前匈牙利语儿童的后续语法处理。 DLD)。其次，我们通过评估两个额外领域的启动来研究节奏启动是否特定于语法处理：语言但非语法任务（图片命名）和非语言任务（非语言 Stroop 任务）。第三，为了确认有节奏的启动效应源于常规节奏的促进效应而不是控制条件的负面效应，我们为所有三个任务添加了第三个条件，即沉默。与不规则和无声条件相比，两组儿童在常规条件下的语法判断任务中表现出更好的表现，但在非语法和非语言任务中没有出现这种效果。这些结果表明（1）有节奏的启动可以改善匈牙利语的语法处理，匈牙利语是一种具有复杂形态句法的语言，无论是在有还是没有 DLD 的儿童中，（2）效果是特定于语法的，（3）是促进效果的结果的规律节奏。这些结果可能会激发关于将节奏启动整合到传统语言治疗中的进一步研究。本文的视频摘要可以在 https://youtu.be/zKzGuIjZyvU 观看。