Background and Purpose

Alveolar bone resorption after dental extraction frequently leads to situations in which long-term function and esthetic success of rehabilitations with dental implants is a challenge. Socket shield has been described as an alternative technique to maintain the alveolar ridge when placing immediate implants. The aim of this review is to evaluate the medium- and long-term clinical outcomes of the socket shield technique in human studies.

Material and Methods

This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search was conducted in four databases: (1) The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed) via Ovid; (2) Web of Science (WOS); (3) SCOPUS; and (4) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The Cochrane Collaboration tool, the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool were used to assess the quality of evidence in the studies reviewed.

Results

Six articles were included in this review. The studies analysed showed lower rates of horizontal and vertical alveolar bone resorption, better maintenance of the buccal plate, less marginal bone loss and better esthetic results than simple placement of immediate implants. However, a lack of homogeneity was found in evaluation methods of the different outcomes, surgical procedures and prosthetic management.

Conclusions

Based on the results of this review, it is possible to suggest that socket shield technique could be a good alternative in terms of alveolar bone maintenance, marginal bone stability and aesthetic outcomes in immediate implant treatment. However, it is not possible to recommend this technique as an alternative treatment with the same long-terms predictability as conventional immediate implants.

中文翻译：

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插座屏蔽技术：对人体研究的系统回顾

背景和目的

拔牙后的牙槽骨吸收经常导致种植牙修复的长期功能和美学成功是一个挑战。承窝护罩已被描述为一种在放置即刻种植体时保持牙槽嵴的替代技术。本综述的目的是评估插座屏蔽技术在人体研究中的中长期临床结果。

材料与方法

本次审查是根据 PRISMA 指南进行的。在四个数据库中进行了电子搜索：（1）国家医学图书馆（MEDLINE/PubMed）通过 Ovid；(2) Web of Science (WOS)；(3) SCOUS；(4) Cochrane 对照试验中央注册中心 (CENTRAL)。Cochrane 协作工具、纽卡斯尔-渥太华质量评估量表和乔安娜布里格斯研究所批判性评估工具用于评估审查研究中的证据质量。

结果

本综述共收录 6 篇文章。分析的研究表明，与简单植入即刻种植体相比，水平和垂直牙槽骨吸收率更低，更好地维护颊侧板，边缘骨丢失更少，美学效果更好。然而，在不同结果、手术程序和假肢管理的评估方法中发现缺乏同质性。

结论

根据本综述的结果，就牙槽骨维护、边缘骨稳定性和即刻种植体治疗的美学效果而言，窝盾技术可能是一个很好的替代方案。然而，不可能推荐这种技术作为替代治疗，其长期可预测性与传统即刻种植体相同。