Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) promise a future where natural, human and technical elements help solving many of the issues plaguing cities. Pollution reduction, increased human wellbeing and climate change adaptation are only some of the challenges targeted by NBSs.

However, under the warming climate affecting many of the world’s cities, most of modern NBSs will be highly impacted by the same climate factors they hope to mitigate. As in the case of extreme temperatures or altered water availability, these factors can impact and cause the failure in the organisms, technical elements and governance structures that NBSs rely upon, thus decreasing performance, reliability and sustainability of these solutions.

In this commentary we propose critical considerations related to designing, building and managing “climate-ready” NBSs – defined as local integrated solutions able to cope with or adapt to climate change. We do so by highlighting examples in heat- and drought-stricken areas across Australian cities as they sit at the global forefront of a hotter world. We discuss in detail i) tolerance and adaptability of NBS to new climates, ii) NBS design for weather extremes and climate-safety margins, iii) NBS trialing and prototyping, and iv) planning for “climate-ready” NBSs.

In doing so, we highlight caveats and limitations to propose an implementation framework to make NBSs not only work, but succeed, in a hotter urban world; one that sees 50 °C as a critical limit to sustain urban life and nature.

基于自然的解决方案 (NBS) 承诺在未来，自然、人文和技术元素有助于解决困扰城市的许多问题。减少污染、增进人类福祉和适应气候变化只是国家统计局所针对的部分挑战。

然而，在影响世界许多城市的气候变暖下，大多数现代 NBS 将受到他们希望减轻的相同气候因素的严重影响。与极端温度或水资源可用性改变的情况一样，这些因素会影响并导致 NBS 所依赖的生物体、技术要素和治理结构出现故障，从而降低这些解决方案的性能、可靠性和可持续性。

在这篇评论中，我们提出了与设计、建造和管理“气候就绪” NBS相关的关键考虑因素——定义为能够应对或适应气候变化的本地综合解决方案。为此，我们重点介绍了澳大利亚城市的高温和干旱地区的例子，因为它们位于更热世界的全球前沿。我们详细讨论了 i）NBS 对新气候的耐受性和适应性，ii）针对极端天气和气候安全裕度的 NBS 设计，iii）NBS 试验和原型设计，以及 iv）“气候就绪”NBS 的规划。

在此过程中，我们强调了提出一个实施框架的注意事项和局限性，使 NBS 不仅在更热的城市世界中发挥作用，而且取得成功；将 50°C 视为维持城市生活和自然的关键极限。