当前位置: X-MOL 学术Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Cosmic connections: James Croll's influence on his contemporaries and his successors
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 , DOI: 10.1017/s1755691021000098
James R. FLEMING

This paper examines the astronomical theory of ice ages of James Croll (1821–1890), its influence on contemporaries John Tyndall, Charles Lyell, and Charles Darwin, and the subsequent development of climate change science, giving special attention to the work of Svante Arrhenius, Nils Ekholm, and G. S. Callendar (for the carbon dioxide theory), and Milutin Milanković (for the astronomical theory). Croll's insight that the orbital elements triggered feedbacks leading to complex changes – in seasonality, ocean currents, ice sheets, radiative forcing, plant and animal life, and climate in general – placed his theory of the Glacial Epoch at the nexus of astronomy, terrestrial physics, and geology. He referred to climate change as the most important problem in terrestrial physics, and the one which will ultimately prove the most far reaching in its consequences. He was an autodidact deeply involved in philosophy and an early proponent of what came to be called ‘cosmic physics’ – later known as ‘Earth-system science.’ Croll opened up new dimensions of the ‘climate controversy’ that continue today in the interplay of geological and human influences on climate.

中文翻译:

宇宙联系:詹姆斯·克罗尔对同时代人和继任者的影响

本文考察了詹姆斯·克罗尔 (1821-1890) 的冰河时代的天文学理论,它对同时代人约翰·廷德尔、查尔斯·莱尔和查尔斯·达尔文的影响,以及气候变化科学的后续发展,特别关注了 Svante Arrhenius 的工作、Nils Ekholm 和 GS Callendar(用于二氧化碳理论)和 Milutin Milanković(用于天文学理论)。克罗尔的见解是,轨道元素触发了导致复杂变化的反馈——季节性、洋流、冰盖、辐射强迫、植物和动物生命以及一般的气候——将他的冰川期理论置于天文学、地球物理学的纽带上,和地质学。他提到气候变化是地球物理学中最重要的问题,以及最终将证明其后果最深远的一个。他是一位深陷哲学的自学者,也是后来被称为“地球系统科学”的“宇宙物理学”的早期支持者。克罗尔开辟了“气候争议”的新维度,这一争论一直延续到今天,地质和人类对气候的影响相互影响。
更新日期:2021-06-01
down
wechat
bug