Object word learning can be based on infant-related factors such as their manual actions and socio-linguistic factors such as parental input. Specific input for spatial features (i.e., size, shape, features of objects) can be related to object word comprehension in early vocabulary development. In a longitudinal study, we investigated whether fine motor abilities at 14 months and parental input for spatial features at 19 months predicted object word comprehension at 25 months. Twenty-seven Turkish-learning children were tested at three time points (Time 1: M_age = 14.4 months, Time 2: M_age = 18.6 months, Time 3: M_age = 25 months). We measured word comprehension through the parental report and fine motor abilities with Mullen at Time 1. We used a puzzle play session to assess parental input for spatial features at Time 2 and a standardized receptive vocabulary test at Time 3. We found that fine motor abilities were related to object word comprehension. However, parental input for spatial features at 19 months predicted object word comprehension at 25 months beyond fine motor abilities at 14 months. Early fine motor abilities and using different words for spatial features may foster infants' visual experiences in play and exploration episodes, leading to better object word learning.

中文翻译：

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精细运动能力和空间特征的父母输入预测土耳其语学习儿童的目标词理解

目标词学习可以基于婴儿相关因素（例如他们的手动操作）和社会语言因素（例如父母输入）。空间特征（即对象的大小、形状、特征）的特定输入可以与早期词汇发展中的对象词理解相关。在一项纵向研究中，我们调查了 14 个月时的精细运动能力和 19 个月时父母对空间特征的输入是否预测了 25 个月时的对象词理解能力。在三个时间点对 27 名学习土耳其语的儿童进行了测试（时间 1：M_年龄 = 14.4 个月，时间 2：M_年龄 = 18.6 个月，时间 3：M_年龄 = 25 个月）。我们在时间 1 通过父母报告和 Mullen 的精细运动能力测量单词理解。我们在时间 2 使用拼图游戏来评估父母对空间特征的输入，并在时间 3 进行标准化的接受词汇测试。我们发现精细运动能力与对象词的理解有关。然而，父母在 19 个月时对空间特征的输入预测了 25 个月时的对象词理解能力超过了 14 个月时的精细运动能力。早期的精细运动能力和对空间特征使用不同的词可能会促进婴儿在游戏和探索情节中的视觉体验，从而更好地学习对象词。