Environmental policies often draw criticism due to their potential impacts on labor market outcomes. Previous work has studied sector-specific impacts following air quality regulations, or examined overall employment effects of land-use policies. In the case of the protection of the Northern Spotted Owl under the Endangered Species Act in 1990, millions of acres of highly productive federal timberland in the Pacific Northwest and northern California were set aside. Concerns regarding declining employment in the timber industry following the listing are often mentioned as a cautionary tale regarding future listings under the Act. However, disentangling the policy impact from other economic factors affecting employment such as recessions and sector-specific trends is challenging. We use a range of control groups to estimate the impact of the 1990 listing of the Northern Spotted Owl had on labor market outcomes in the Lumber and Wood Products sector. Our set of main results indicate long-run declines in timber industry employment of 13.9% using a regional perspective, 28.1% using a national perspective, and a 9.5% decline in the number of establishments. In the owl habitat range there were 114,600 timber employees in the pre-treatment period; about 1.4% of total employment in those counties. In terms of jobs, the declines represent around 16,000 or 32,000 timber jobs within the Pacific Northwest and northern California. We find heterogeneous effects with areas having larger shares of protected federal timberland experiencing larger declines in employment. Our findings indicate land protection policies may pose significant employment impacts to land-reliant industries.

环境政策因其对劳动力市场结果的潜在影响而经常受到批评。以前的工作研究了空气质量法规对特定行业的影响，或研究了土地使用政策的整体就业影响。在 1990 年《濒危物种法》保护北方斑点猫头鹰的案例中，太平洋西北部和加利福尼亚北部数百万英亩的高产联邦林地被搁置。对上市后木材行业就业下降的担忧经常被提及，作为对该法案未来上市的警示。然而，将政策影响与影响就业的其他经济因素（如衰退和特定行业趋势）分开具有挑战性。我们使用一系列控制组来估计 1990 年北方斑点猫头鹰的上市对木材和木制品行业劳动力市场结果的影响。我们的主要结果表明，从区域角度来看，木材行业就业率长期下降 13.9%，从全国角度来看，下降 28.1%，企业数量下降 9.5%。在猫头鹰栖息地范围内，预处理期间有 114,600 名木材员工；约占这些县总就业人数的 1.4%。在工作岗位方面，太平洋西北部和加利福尼亚州北部的木材工作岗位减少了约 16,000 或 32,000 个。我们发现，受保护联邦林地份额较大的地区就业率下降幅度较大，因此产生了异质效应。