Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by progressive declines in cognitive function. Current epidemiological data indicates significant sex-linked disparities, where females have a higher risk of developing AD compared to male counterparts. This disparity necessitates further investigations to uncover the pathological and molecular factors influencing these sex differences. Although the underlying pathways behind this observed disparity remain elusive, recent research points to menopausal estrogen loss as a potential factor. Estrogen holds a significant role in APP processing as well as overall neuronal health through the regulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - a factor that is also reduced in post-menopausal women. BDNF is a known contributor to neuronal health, and its reduced expression is typically linked to AD disorders. Exercise is known to increased BDNF and may provide an accessible activity for post-menopausal women to reduce their risk of AD. This review aims to discuss the relationship between estrogen, exercise, and BDNF in AD pathology.

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运动和雌激素：阿尔茨海默病病理学中的常见途径

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种以认知功能进行性下降为特征的神经退行性疾病。目前的流行病学数据表明存在显着的性别差异，与男性相比，女性患 AD 的风险更高。这种差异需要进一步调查以揭示影响这些性别差异的病理和分子因素。尽管这种观察到的差异背后的潜在途径仍然难以捉摸，但最近的研究指出绝经期雌激素损失是一个潜在因素。雌激素通过调节脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 在 APP 处理和整体神经元健康中发挥着重要作用 - 这种因子在绝经后妇女中也会减少。BDNF 是神经元健康的已知贡献者，它的表达减少通常与 AD 疾病有关。众所周知，运动会增加 BDNF，并可能为绝经后妇女提供一种可访问的活动，以降低其患 AD 的风险。本综述旨在讨论雌激素、运动和 BDNF 在 AD 病理学中的关系。