According to the standard view of pictorial reference, a picture produces singular thought in virtue of both its appearance and its history. Zeimbekis (2010) challenges this view, arguing that the perception of the picture's appearance does not contribute to the production of singular thought. The paper defends the standard view from Zeimbekis' challenge, specifying the roles of appearance and history in pictorial reference. While knowledge about the picture's history allows one to identify the standpoint from which to see the scene depicted, the perception of the picture's appearance exploits that standpoint to single out individuals in that scene.

中文翻译：

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看进和挑出：如何调和图像与单一思想

根据图画参考的标准观点，一幅图画因其外观和历史而产生独特的思想。Zeimbekis (2010) 挑战了这种观点，认为对图片外观的感知不会有助于产生单一思想。这篇论文从 Zeimbekis 的挑战中捍卫了标准观点，具体说明了外观和历史在图画参考中的作用。虽然有关图片历史的知识可以让人们确定观看所描绘场景的立场，但对图片外观的感知利用这一立场来挑选出该场景中的个人。