The molecular mediators present within the inflammatory microenvironment are able, in certain conditions, to favor the initiation of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) development. TLS is organized lymphocyte clusters able to support antigen-specific immune response in non-immune organs. Importantly, chronic inflammation does not always result in TLS formation; instead, TLS has been observed to develop specifically in permissive organs, suggesting the presence of tissue-specific cues that are able to imprint the immune responses and form TLS hubs. Fibroblasts are tissue-resident cells that define the anatomy and function of a specific tissue. Fibroblast plasticity and specialization in inflammatory conditions have recently been unraveled in both immune and non-immune organs revealing a critical role for these structural cells in human physiology. Here, we describe the role of fibroblasts in the context of TLS formation and its functional maintenance in the tissue, highlighting their potential role as therapeutic disease targets in TLS-associated diseases.

中文翻译：

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三级淋巴结构中的基质细胞：自身免疫的建筑师

在某些情况下，炎症微环境中存在的分子介质能够促进三级淋巴结构 (TLS) 的发展。TLS 是有组织的淋巴细胞簇，能够支持非免疫器官中的抗原特异性免疫反应。重要的是，慢性炎症并不总是导致 TLS 形成。相反，已观察到 TLS 在许可器官中特异性发展，这表明存在能够印记免疫反应并形成 TLS 中枢的组织特异性线索。成纤维细胞是定义特定组织解剖结构和功能的组织驻留细胞。最近在免疫和非免疫器官中揭示了成纤维细胞的可塑性和炎症条件的专业化，揭示了这些结构细胞在人体生理学中的关键作用。