Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution () reactions have become a model system for the investigation of structure–reactivity relationships, stereochemistry, solvent influences, and detailed atomistic dynamics. In this review, the progress during five decades of experimental and theoretical research on gas phase reactions is discussed. Many advancements of the employed methods have led to a tremendous increase in our understanding of the properties and the dynamics of these reactions. For reactions involving six atoms a quantitative agreement of the differential reactive scattering cross sections has already been achieved, in the future it is expected that even larger polyatomic reactions systems become tractable. Furthermore, studies with higher precision, improved reactant control, and a more accurate theoretical treatment of quantum effects are envisioned.

中文翻译：

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气相亲核取代五十年

双分子亲核取代 ( ) 反应已成为研究结构-反应性关系、立体化学、溶剂影响和详细原子动力学的模型系统。在这篇综述中，讨论了气相反应五年来实验和理论研究的进展。所采用方法的许多进步极大地提高了我们对这些反应的性质和动力学的理解。对于涉及六个原子的反应，已经实现了微分反应散射截面的定量一致，预计未来甚至更大的多原子反应系统也将变得易于处理。此外，还设想进行更高精度的研究、改进的反应物控制以及更准确的量子效应理论处理。