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Mail, Rail, and Legwork: State and Nation Building through Postal Service in France and Great Britain, 1830–1914
Social Science History ( IF 0.954 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 , DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2021.6
Robert M. Schwartz

A comparative spatial history using GIS, this article examines the similar and differing effects of railway expansion on the growth of postal communications in Great Britain and France from 1830 to the eve of the Great War. It argues that the modern Postal Age in Great Britain and France began in the 1830s. In Britain in 1839, the Parliament obligated private railway companies to convey the Royal Mail throughout the kingdom at reasonable rates. Thereafter, the expansion of postal services and railway networks went hand in hand. Over the years, thousands of new post offices were established and were closer to rail stations than before. As the years wore on the geography of postal communication expanded greatly and by 1914 the majority of rural districts became part of the system of regular, daily mail. In France, a country four or five times larger than England and Wales with a relatively vast rural population, the task of modernizing postal service was a greater challenge. The inauguration of a “rural service” in 1829 employed some 5,000 men as postal carriers to deliver and collect mail throughout the countryside. Thereafter, their numbers grew as new post offices were established to serve villages and small towns with mail deliveries every other day. In the 1880s, under the Third Republic, the state greatly expanded the postal service, deeming it a national mission. It was then that the growing rail network came to shape the national geography of postal service. Hence, at the turn of the century the patterns British and French postal expansions converged.

中文翻译:

邮件、铁路和腿部工作:通过邮政服务在法国和英国建立国家和国家,1830-1914

本文使用 GIS 比较空间历史,考察了从 1830 年到一战前夕,铁路扩张对英国和法国邮政通信发展的相似和不同影响。它认为英国和法国的现代邮政时代始于 1830 年代。在 1839 年的英国,议会要求私营铁路公司以合理的费率将皇家邮政运送到整个王国。此后,邮政服务和铁路网络的扩张齐头并进。多年来,建立了数千个新邮局,并且比以前更靠近火车站。随着岁月的流逝,邮政通信的地理范围大大扩展,到 1914 年,大多数农村地区成为了常规的每日邮件系统的一部分。在法国,作为一个比英格兰和威尔士大四五倍、农村人口相对较多的国家,邮政服务现代化的任务是一项更大的挑战。1829 年“农村服务”成立,雇佣了大约 5,000 名邮递员,在整个农村地区投递和收集邮件。此后,随着新邮局的建立,他们的人数不断增加,以每隔一天为村庄和小镇提供邮件递送服务。在 1880 年代,在第三共和国时期,国家大大扩展了邮政服务,将其视为国家使命。就在那时,不断发展的铁路网络塑造了邮政服务的国家地理。因此,在世纪之交,英国和法国邮政扩张的模式趋同。使邮政服务现代化的任务是一项更大的挑战。1829 年“农村服务”成立,雇佣了大约 5,000 名邮递员,在整个农村地区投递和收集邮件。此后,随着新邮局的建立,他们的人数不断增加,以每隔一天为村庄和小镇提供邮件递送服务。在 1880 年代,在第三共和国时期,国家大大扩展了邮政服务,将其视为国家使命。就在那时,不断发展的铁路网络塑造了邮政服务的国家地理。因此,在世纪之交,英国和法国邮政扩张的模式趋同。使邮政服务现代化的任务是一项更大的挑战。1829 年“农村服务”成立,雇佣了大约 5,000 名邮递员,在整个农村地区投递和收集邮件。此后,随着新邮局的建立,他们的人数不断增加,以每隔一天为村庄和小镇提供邮件递送服务。在 1880 年代,在第三共和国时期,国家大大扩展了邮政服务,将其视为国家使命。就在那时,不断发展的铁路网络塑造了邮政服务的国家地理。因此,在世纪之交,英国和法国邮政扩张的模式趋同。随着新邮局的建立,他们的人数不断增加,以每隔一天为村庄和小城镇提供邮件。在 1880 年代,在第三共和国时期,国家大大扩展了邮政服务,将其视为国家使命。就在那时,不断发展的铁路网络塑造了邮政服务的国家地理。因此,在世纪之交,英国和法国邮政扩张的模式趋同。随着新邮局的建立,他们的人数不断增加,以每隔一天为村庄和小城镇提供邮件。在 1880 年代,在第三共和国时期,国家大大扩展了邮政服务,将其视为国家使命。就在那时,不断发展的铁路网络塑造了邮政服务的国家地理。因此,在世纪之交,英国和法国邮政扩张的模式趋同。
更新日期:2021-06-01
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