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X‐ray computed tomography evaluations of additive manufactured multimaterial composites
Journal of Microscopy ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-31 , DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13034
M Curto 1 , A P Kao 1, 2 , W Keeble 1 , G Tozzi 1, 2 , A H Barber 3
Affiliation  

Additive Manufacturing (AM) often produces complex engineered structures by precisely distributing materials in a layer-by-layer fashion. Multimaterial AM is a particularly flexible technique able to combine a range of hard and soft materials to produce designed composites. Critically, the design of AM multimaterial structures requires the development of precise three-dimensional (3D) computed aided design (CAD) files. While such digital design is heavily used, techniques able to validate the physically manufactured composite against the digital design from which it is generated are lacking for AM, especially as any evaluations must be able to distinguish material variation across the 3D space. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in volumetric tools that can provide topological information hidden by the surface of shaped materials. So far, technologies such as Optical microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) have paved the way into the metrology field to measure the external geometry of physical objects. Currently, alongside conventional metrology tools, X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is emerging to measure the subsurface of the objects but maintaining the integrity of the probed samples. Thereby, the volumetric nature of the XCT investigations and its associated imaging techniques, ensure 3D quantitative measurements comparable to the output data from 2D metrology tools, but above all, supply the missing subsurface description for an exhaustive metrology study. The reward associated with XCT applied to multimaterial AM is a map reflecting the fabricated distribution of materials following CAD, with the benefits of better understanding the mechanical interplay within phases, hence, describing the hidden processes as well as the changes in phases due to a range of mechanical or chemical phenomena. In this study, a nondestructive approach using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is used to fully evaluate the 3D distribution of multimaterials from an AM process. Specifically, two diverse hard and soft materials are alternatively produced in the form of a fibre embedded in a matrix via ink-jet printing. XCT coupled with imaging evaluation were able to distinguish between the differing materials and, importantly, to demonstrate a reduction in the expected fabricated volumes when compared to the respective CAD designs.

中文翻译:

增材制造的多材料复合材料的 X 射线计算机断层扫描评估

增材制造 (AM) 通常通过以逐层方式精确分布材料来生产复杂的工程结构。多材料增材制造是一种特别灵活的技术,能够结合一系列硬质和软质材料来生产设计的复合材料。至关重要的是,AM 多材料结构的设计需要开发精确的三维 (3D) 计算机辅助设计 (CAD) 文件。虽然这种数字设计被大量使用,但 AM 缺乏能够根据生成它的数字设计验证物理制造的复合材料的技术,特别是因为任何评估都必须能够区分 3D 空间中的材料变化。如今,人们对能够提供隐藏在成形材料表面的拓扑信息的体积工具越来越感兴趣。至今,光学显微镜 (OM)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和坐标测量机 (CMM) 等技术为测量物理对象的外部几何形状铺平了道路。目前,除了传统的计量工具,X 射线计算机断层扫描 (XCT) 正在兴起,以测量物体的地下,但保持探测样品的完整性。因此,XCT 研究的体积特性及其相关成像技术可确保 3D 定量测量与 2D 计量工具的输出数据相当,但最重要的是,为详尽的计量研究提供缺失的地下描述。与应用于多材料增材制造的 XCT 相关的奖励是一张反映 CAD 之后材料的制造分布的地图,具有更好地理解相内机械相互作用的好处,因此,描述了隐藏的过程以及由于一系列机械或化学现象引起的相变化。在这项研究中,使用 X 射线计算机断层扫描 (XCT) 的无损方法用于全面评估来自 AM 工艺的多材料的 3D 分布。具体来说,两种不同的硬质和软质材料通过喷墨印刷以嵌入基质中的纤维的形式交替生产。XCT 与成像评估相结合,能够区分不同的材料,重要的是,与各自的 CAD 设计相比,可以证明预期的制造体积有所减少。描述隐藏的过程以及由于一系列机械或化学现象引起的阶段变化。在这项研究中,使用 X 射线计算机断层扫描 (XCT) 的无损方法用于全面评估来自 AM 工艺的多材料的 3D 分布。具体来说,两种不同的硬质和软质材料通过喷墨印刷以嵌入基质中的纤维的形式交替生产。XCT 与成像评估相结合,能够区分不同的材料,重要的是,与各自的 CAD 设计相比,可以证明预期的制造体积有所减少。描述隐藏的过程以及由于一系列机械或化学现象引起的阶段变化。在这项研究中,使用 X 射线计算机断层扫描 (XCT) 的无损方法用于全面评估来自 AM 工艺的多材料的 3D 分布。具体来说,两种不同的硬质和软质材料通过喷墨印刷以嵌入基质中的纤维的形式交替生产。XCT 与成像评估相结合,能够区分不同的材料,重要的是,与各自的 CAD 设计相比,可以证明预期的制造体积有所减少。两种不同的硬质和软质材料通过喷墨打印以嵌入基质中的纤维的形式交替生产。XCT 与成像评估相结合,能够区分不同的材料,重要的是,与各自的 CAD 设计相比,可以证明预期的制造体积有所减少。两种不同的硬质和软质材料通过喷墨打印以嵌入基质中的纤维的形式交替生产。XCT 与成像评估相结合,能够区分不同的材料,重要的是,与各自的 CAD 设计相比,可以证明预期的制造体积有所减少。
更新日期:2021-05-31
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