A tool for calculating the economic and environmental impacts of the use of byproducts of industrial processes that can substitute for perishable resources was presented. This was exemplified by fly ash (the fine fraction of ash originating from coal burned to generate electricity and collected by filtering exhaust gases leaving the furnace), added to soil as a component of sewage sludge stabilized with fly ash and lime (NVS). Application to soil of NVS has potential agricultural and environmental advantages and disadvantages. The costs and benefits of such application were calculated using both a database and expert opinions. The calculations assumed a representative assemblage of soils and crops, with weights assigned to each crop type and soil characteristic. The annual weighted benefits (additional income for the farmer) and costs per hectare reached 324 $/ha and 131 $/ha respectively. Major potential benefits include: Chemical fertilizer replacement, 159 $/ha; Improvement to the soil's physical properties, 75 $/ha; Supply of vital trace elements, 33 $/ha. Major potential costs were: Regulatory limitations on marketing of crops pending proof of absence of risk of heavy metals or radionuclides accumulation in these crops, (17 $/ha and 36 $/ha respectively); Application and incorporation cost, 50 $/ha. The presented estimates of the costs and benefits refer to the array of soils and conditions typical to Israel. It is possible to maximize potential benefits by applying fly ash only to the most suitable agricultural soils while improper use of fly ash will increase the costs incurred from its use.

介绍了一种用于计算使用可以替代易腐烂资源的工业过程副产品的经济和环境影响的工具。例如，飞灰（来自燃烧煤以发电并通过过滤离开炉子的废气收集的细小灰分），作为用飞灰和石灰 (NVS) 稳定的污水污泥的成分添加到土壤中。NVS在土壤中的应用具有潜在的农业和环境优势和劣势。这种应用的成本和收益是使用数据库和专家意见计算出来的。计算假设土壤和作物具有代表性组合，权重分配给每种作物类型和土壤特征。每年加权收益（农民的额外收入）和每公顷成本分别达到 324 美元/公顷和 131 美元/公顷。主要潜在收益包括： 化肥替代，159 美元/公顷；改善土壤物理性质，75 美元/公顷；供应重要的微量元素，33 美元/公顷。主要的潜在成本是： 在证明这些作物中不存在重金属或放射性核素积累风险的证据之前，对作物营销的监管限制（分别为 17 美元/公顷和 36 美元/公顷）；申请和注册成本，50 美元/公顷。所提出的成本和收益估计是指以色列典型的一系列土壤和条件。通过仅将粉煤灰应用于最合适的农业土壤，可以最大限度地发挥潜在效益，而粉煤灰的不当使用会增加其使用成本。