The rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies for medical imaging has recently enabled automatic identification of anatomical landmarks on radiographs. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of an automatic cephalometric analysis using convolutional neural network with those obtained by a conventional cephalometric approach. Cephalometric measurements of lateral cephalograms from 35 patients were obtained using an automatic program and a conventional program. Fifteen skeletal cephalometric measurements, nine dental cephalometric measurements, and two soft tissue cephalometric measurements obtained by the two methods were compared using paired t test and Bland-Altman plots. A comparison between the measurements from the automatic and conventional cephalometric analyses in terms of the paired t test confirmed that the saddle angle, linear measurements of maxillary incisor to NA line, and mandibular incisor to NB line showed statistically significant differences. All measurements were within the limits of agreement based on the Bland-Altman plots. The widths of limits of agreement were wider in dental measurements than those in the skeletal measurements. Automatic cephalometric analyses based on convolutional neural network may offer clinically acceptable diagnostic performance. Careful consideration and additional manual adjustment are needed for dental measurements regarding tooth structures for higher accuracy and better performance.

中文翻译：

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使用卷积神经网络的传统和自动头影测量分析之间的头影测量比较

医学成像人工智能技术的快速发展最近使自动识别射线照片上的解剖标志成为可能。本研究的目的是将使用卷积神经网络的自动头部测量分析的结果与通过传统头部测量方法获得的结果进行比较。使用自动程序和常规程序获得了 35 名患者的侧脑图的头影测量值。使用配对 t 检验和 Bland-Altman 图比较了通过两种方法获得的 15 次骨骼头影测量值、9 次牙科头影测量值和两次软组织头影测量值。在配对 t 检验方面，自动和传统头影测量分析的测量值之间的比较证实，鞍角、上颌切牙与 NA 线的线性测量以及下颌切牙与 NB 线的线性测量显示出统计学上的显着差异。所有测量均在基于 Bland-Altman 图的协议范围内。牙科测量中的一致性范围的宽度比骨骼测量中的宽。基于卷积神经网络的自动头影测量分析可以提供临床上可接受的诊断性能。关于牙齿结构的牙科测量需要仔细考虑和额外的手动调整，以获得更高的精度和更好的性能。和下颌切牙对NB线显示有统计学显着差异。所有测量均在基于 Bland-Altman 图的协议范围内。牙科测量中的一致性范围的宽度比骨骼测量中的宽。基于卷积神经网络的自动头影测量分析可以提供临床上可接受的诊断性能。关于牙齿结构的牙科测量需要仔细考虑和额外的手动调整，以获得更高的精度和更好的性能。和下颌切牙对NB线显示有统计学显着差异。所有测量均在基于 Bland-Altman 图的协议范围内。牙科测量中的一致性范围的宽度比骨骼测量中的宽。基于卷积神经网络的自动头影测量分析可以提供临床上可接受的诊断性能。关于牙齿结构的牙科测量需要仔细考虑和额外的手动调整，以获得更高的精度和更好的性能。基于卷积神经网络的自动头影测量分析可以提供临床上可接受的诊断性能。关于牙齿结构的牙科测量需要仔细考虑和额外的手动调整，以获得更高的精度和更好的性能。基于卷积神经网络的自动头影测量分析可以提供临床上可接受的诊断性能。关于牙齿结构的牙科测量需要仔细考虑和额外的手动调整，以获得更高的精度和更好的性能。