Purpose

This paper empirically examines whether the cultural environment plays a role in entrepreneurial decisions in Europe, the United States, Canada and Australia.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore this issue, we use data from the Adult Population Survey of 2010–2015 provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). To calculate the cultural factor, we utilize additional information from the GEM National Expert Survey data and estimate a probit model to measure the effect of culture based on an unobserved latent variable of satisfaction, measured through a dichotomous variable identifying entrepreneurs.

Findings

Results show a positive and statistically significant relationship between the cultural factor and the individual choice of entrepreneurial activity. Our findings are subjected to a range of robustness checks. We extend this analysis to an examination of cultural values as predictors of entrepreneurship status in collectivist and individualist countries. Our results point to collectivist and individualist roles as being among the mechanisms through which the cultural environment may operate.

Originality/value

This is the first empirical work that clusters a wide range of variables provided by the GEM NES data to obtain a cultural indicator, and then applies this indicator to the GEM APS micro-data. Policy-makers should consider these results in order to promote entrepreneurship through culture in collectivist and Mediterranean countries, but use other channels in individualist and Anglo-Saxon countries.

中文翻译：

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文化环境对创业决策的影响

目的

本文实证检验了文化环境是否在欧洲、美国、加拿大和澳大利亚的创业决策中发挥作用。

设计/方法/方法

为了探讨这个问题，我们使用了全球创业监测 (GEM) 提供的 2010-2015 年成人人口调查的数据。为了计算文化因素，我们利用来自 GEM 国家专家调查数据的额外信息并估计概率模型，以基于未观察到的满意度潜在变量来衡量文化的影响，通过识别企业家的二分变量来衡量。

发现

结果表明，文化因素与个体创业活动选择之间存在显着的正相关关系。我们的发现经过了一系列稳健性检查。我们将此分析扩展到对作为集体主义和个人主义国家创业状况预测指标的文化价值观的检验。我们的结果表明，集体主义和个人主义的角色是文化环境可能运作的机制之一。

原创性/价值

这是第一个将 GEM NES 数据提供的范围广泛的变量进行聚类以获得文化指标，然后将该指标应用于 GEM APS 微观数据的实证工作。政策制定者应该考虑这些结果，以便在集体主义和地中海国家通过文化促进创业，但在个人主义和盎格鲁撒克逊国家使用其他渠道。