This study investigates time trends in debt attitudes, the socioeconomic profiles of members in three debt attitudes groups, implications for borrowing, banking, and spending behaviors, and the relationship of debt attitudes with planned borrowing and saving behaviors. Based on a representative online survey data of the German population, gender, income, and educational attainment are found to distinguish a larger group of emergency debtors from two smaller, about equally-sized, groups of debt refusers and debt pragmatists. Debt refusers report less engagement in current borrowing, banking, and spending behaviors compared with emergency debtors and debt pragmatists. Results hold after controlling for psychological responses such as economic outlook, financial planning, and debt stress. Implications for attitude-focused interventions are discussed.

中文翻译：

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债务态度与社会经济特征和金融行为的关联

本研究调查了债务态度的时间趋势、三个债务态度组成员的社会经济概况、对借贷、银行和支出行为的影响，以及债务态度与计划借贷和储蓄行为的关系。根据德国人口的代表性在线调查数据，发现性别、收入和教育程度可以将更大的紧急债务人群体与两个规模相同的较小的债务拒绝者和债务实用主义者群体区分开来。与紧急债务人和债务实用主义者相比，债务拒绝者报告的当前借贷、银行业务和支出行为的参与度较低。在控制了经济前景、财务规划和债务压力等心理反应后，结果仍然成立。讨论了以态度为中心的干预措施的影响。