Confined atomic systems are of great importance owing a multitude of possible applications in various areas of science and technology. Of particular interest are atoms encaged in the \(\hbox {C}_{{60}}\) molecule, \(\hbox {A}@\hbox {C}_{{60}}\), since the near-spherical symmetry of \(\hbox {C}_{{60}}\) simplifies theoretical studies, and the stability of \(\hbox {C}_{{60}}\) renders it amenable to experimental examination. A review of investigations of the electronic structure and dynamics of \(\hbox {A}@\hbox {C}_{{60}}\) is presented in this manuscript focusing on developments in the last decade. Addressed mainly are how the confinement affects electronic structure properties such as ionization potentials, localization of atomic electrons, Shannon entropy, correlation effects, relativistic interactions, and others. In the area of dynamics, photoionization and e-\(\hbox {A}@\hbox {C}_{{60}}\) scattering are reviewed and summarized, and the major effects of confinement on the dynamical properties, e.g., confinement resonances, hybridization, Wigner time delay, are delineated.

由于在科学和技术的各个领域有多种可能的应用，受限原子系统非常重要。特别感兴趣的是包裹在\(\hbox {C}_{{60}}\)分子中的原子\(\hbox {A}@\hbox {C}_{{60}}\)，因为近\(\hbox {C}_{{60}}\) 的球对称性简化了理论研究，而\(\hbox {C}_{{60}}\)的稳定性使其适合实验检验。\(\hbox {A}@\hbox {C}_{{60}}\)的电子结构和动力学研究综述在这份手稿中介绍了过去十年的发展。主要讨论限制如何影响电子结构特性，例如电离势、原子电子的定位、香农熵、相关效应、相对论相互作用等。在动力学领域，回顾和总结了光电离和 e- \(\hbox {A}@\hbox {C}_{{60}}\)散射，以及限制对动力学性质的主要影响，例如，限制共振，杂交，维格纳时间延迟，被描绘出来。