This mini-review assesses supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction and high-pressure carbon dioxide pre-treatment technologies for valorisation of corn stover agricultural residues with particular focus on showing how these can aid in the creation of a holistic biorefineries. Corn stover is currently the largest source of agriculture residues in the USA, as such there is significant potential for exploitation to yield valuable chemicals. ScCO2 extraction could lead to the recovery of a variety of different chemicals which include flavonoids, sterols, steroid ketones, hydrocarbons, saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, fatty alcohols, phenolics and triterpenoids. Importantly, recent studies have not only demonstrated that supercritical extraction can be utilized for the recovery of plant lipids for use in consumer products, including nutraceuticals and personal care, but the processing of treated biomass can lead to enhanced yields and recovery of other products from biorefinery processes. Despite the great potential and opportunities for using scCO2 and high-pressure systems in a biorefinery context their real-world application faces significant challenges to overcome before it is widely applied. Such challenges have also been discussed in the context of this mini-review.

中文翻译：

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高压系统作为整体玉米秸秆生物精炼厂的可持续提取和预处理技术

这篇小型评论评估了用于玉米秸秆农业残留物增值的超临界二氧化碳 (scCO2) 提取和高压二氧化碳预处理技术，特别侧重于展示这些技术如何有助于创建整体生物精炼厂。玉米秸秆目前是美国农业残留物的最大来源，因此有很大的开发潜力可以生产有价值的化学品。ScCO2 提取可以回收多种不同的化学品，包括黄酮类、甾醇、类固醇酮、碳氢化合物、饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、脂肪醇、酚类和三萜类化合物。重要的是，最近的研究不仅表明超临界萃取可用于回收用于消费品的植物脂质，包括营养保健品和个人护理品，但经过处理的生物质的加工可以提高生物精炼过程中其他产品的产量和回收率。尽管在生物精炼环境中使用 scCO2 和高压系统具有巨大的潜力和机会，但它们的实际应用在广泛应用之前仍面临重大挑战需要克服。在本次小型审查的背景下也讨论了此类挑战。