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Interspecific competition and their impacts on the growth of macrophytes and pollutants removal within constructed wetland microcosms treating domestic wastewater
International Journal of Phytoremediation ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-30 , DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1926910
Saroj Kumar 1 , Bhanu Pratap 1 , Divya Dubey 1 , Venkatesh Dutta 1
Affiliation  

Abstract

Eight free water surface constructed wetland microcosm (CWM) units are designed with single as well as mixed planting of Pistia stratiotes, Phragmites karka, and Typha latifolia with control to assess their competitive value (CV), relative growth rates (RGR), and pollutants removal efficiency. Further, the total dry biomass production and other growth parameters such as number of macrophytes, above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, and root length were also measured to understand the dominant characteristics of the macrophytes. The CWM units with species mixture out-performed species monocultures. Removal of BOD, TP, SRP, NH4+-N, NO3-N, and NO2-N by mixed planting of P. stratiotes and P. karka was higher at most of the time. Typha latifolia was the superior competitor against both P. stratiotes and P. karka due to its aggressive characteristics that inhibits the growth of neighboring macrophytes. However, P. karka was the superior competitor against P. stratiotes. The RGR of T. latifolia in all experimental units was almost two times more than that of P. karka.

Novelty Statement The CWM units with species mixture out-performed species monocultures. CWMs with more than one macrophytic species are less vulnerable to seasonal fluctuations and more effective in contaminants removal as compared to single macrophyte wetlands. Removal of BOD, TP, SRP, NH4+-N, NO3-N, and NO2-N by mixed planting of P. stratiotes and P. karka was higher at most of the time. The CWMs with P. stratiotes and P. karka are superior choice due to their higher wastewater nutrients removal capacity. The application of these three macrophytes in mixed cultures in free water surface constructed wetland is rare. The results are useful in designing large-scale multi-species wetlands which are less susceptible to seasonal variation and more effective in pollutants removal than single-species wetlands.



中文翻译:

种间竞争及其对处理生活废水的人工湿地微观世界中大型植物生长和污染物去除的影响

摘要

八个自由水面人工湿地缩影 (CWM) 单元被设计为单一和混合种植Pistia stratiotes、Phragmites karkaTypha latifolia,并控制以评估它们的竞争价值 (CV)、相对生长率 (RGR) 和污染物去除效率。此外,还测量了总干生物量产量和其他生长参数,例如大型植物的数量、地上生物量、地下生物量和根长,以了解大型植物的主要特征。具有物种混合物的 CWM 单位的表现优于物种单一栽培。去除BOD、TP、SRP、NH 4 + -N、NO 3 - -N和NO 2 -P. stratiotes和P. karka混合种植的-N在大多数时间都较高。Typha latifolia是对抗P. stratiotes和P. karka的最佳竞争对手,因为它具有抑制邻近大型植物生长的侵略性特征。然而,P . karka是对抗P. striotes 的最佳竞争对手。在所有实验单元中, T. latifolia的 RGR几乎是P. karka的两倍。

新颖性声明具有物种混合物的 CWM 单位的表现优于物种单一栽培。与单一大型植物湿地相比,具有一种以上大型植物物种的 CWM 不易受季节性波动的影响,并且在污染物去除方面更有效。大多数时候,P. stratiotes和P. karka混合种植对BOD、TP、SRP、NH 4 + -N、NO 3 - -N 和NO 2 - -N 的去除率较高。具有P. stratiotes和P. karka的 CWM由于它们具有更高的废水养分去除能力,因此是更好的选择。这三种大型植物在自由水面人工湿地混合培养中的应用很少见。该结果有助于设计大规模多物种湿地,这些湿地比单一物种湿地更不易受季节变化影响,并且在污染物去除方面更有效。

更新日期:2021-05-30
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