1. Nutrient economy and plant nutrient concentrations have been suggested as important selective pressures of reproductive traits in vascular plants. However, evidence supporting that the reproduction of bryophytes and their reproductive traits have also been conditioned by nutrient availability is lacking.
2. We here analysed the nutrient (N, P, K, and Fe) concentration of 35 aquatic and semi-aquatic bryophytes and the chemistry of the spring water in which they lived to determine whether bryophyte nutrient concentrations were correlated with the frequency of sexual reproduction, main reproductive mode (sexual vs. asexual), dioicy, and spore diameter, while controlling for climate and nutrient concentrations in the spring water.
3. Water nutrient concentrations, except for K, had a small but positive influence on bryophyte nutrient concentrations. P-rich and K-poor species produced sporophytes more often and were more likely to reproduce sexually and be monoicous. Spore diameter was smaller in P- and Fe-rich mosses but larger in N-rich mosses living in humid climates. P-rich species thus produced more and smaller spores and were able to propagate more extensively.
4. Overall, our results suggest that nutrient economy, especially P economy, has played an important role in shaping the reproductive traits of bryophytes.

中文翻译：

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营养物质控制湿性苔藓植物的繁殖性状

1. 营养经济和植物营养浓度已被认为是维管植物生殖性状的重要选择压力。然而，缺乏证据支持苔藓植物的繁殖及其繁殖性状也受养分可用性的限制。
2. 我们在这里分析了 35 种水生和半水生苔藓植物的养分（N、P、K 和 Fe）浓度以及它们生活的泉水的化学成分，以确定苔藓植物的养分浓度是否与有性繁殖频率相关，主要繁殖方式（有性与无性）、雌雄异体和孢子直径，同时控制泉水中的气候和养分浓度。
3. 除 K 外，水分养分浓度对苔藓植物养分浓度有很小但积极的影响。富磷和贫钾物种更频繁地产生孢子体，并且更有可能进行有性繁殖和单一性繁殖。孢子直径在富含 P 和 Fe 的苔藓中较小，但在生活在潮湿气候中的富含 N 的苔藓中较大。因此，富含磷的物种产生更多、更小的孢子，并能够更广泛地繁殖。
4. 总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，营养经济，尤其是磷经济，在塑造苔藓植物的繁殖性状方面发挥了重要作用。