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An Atlas of Phanerozoic Paleogeographic Maps: The Seas Come In and the Seas Go Out
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences ( IF 14.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-28 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-081320-064052
Christopher R. Scotese 1
Affiliation  

Paleogeography is the study of the changing surface of Earth through time. Driven by plate tectonics, the configuration of the continents and ocean basins has been in constant flux. Plate tectonics pushes the land surface upward or pulls it apart, causing its collapse. All the while, the unrelenting forces of climate and weather slowly reduce mountains to sand and mud and redistribute these sediments to the sea. This article reviews the changing paleogeography of the past 750 million years. It describes the broad patterns of Phanerozoic paleogeography as well as many of the specific paleogeographic events that have shaped the modern continents and ocean basins. The focus is on the changing latitudinal distribution of the continents, fluctuations in sea level, the opening and closing of oceanic seaways, mountain building, and how these paleogeographic changes have affected global climate, ocean circulation, and the evolution of life. This review presents an atlas of 114 paleogeographic maps that illustrate how Earth's surface has evolved during the past 750 million years. During that time interval, Earth has witnessed the formation and breakup of two supercontinents: Pannotia and Pangea. The continents have been transformed from low-lying flooded platforms to high-standing land areas crisscrossed by the scars of past continental collisions. Oceans have opened and closed, and then opened again in a seemingly never-ending cycle.

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The changing configuration of the continents and ocean basins during the past 750 million years is illustrated in 114 paleogeographic maps.

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These maps describe how the surface of Earth has been continually modified by mountain building and erosion.

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The changing paleogeography has affected global climate, ocean circulation, and the evolution of life.

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The data and methods used to produce the maps are described in detail.



中文翻译:

显生宙古地理地图集:海进海出

古地理学是研究地球表面随时间变化的学科。在板块构造的驱动下,大陆和海盆的构造一直在不断变化。板块构造将地表向上推或拉开,导致地表坍塌。一直以来,气候和天气的无情力量慢慢地将山脉变成沙子和泥土,并将这些沉积物重新分配到海洋中。本文回顾了过去 7.5 亿年不断变化的古地理。它描述了显生宙古地理的广泛模式以及许多塑造现代大陆和海洋盆地的特定古地理事件。重点是大陆纬度分布的变化、海平面的波动、海洋航道的开闭、山地建设、以及这些古地理变化如何影响全球气候、海洋环流和生命进化。这篇综述展示了一个包含 114 张古地理地图的地图集,这些地图说明了地球表面在过去 7.5 亿年中是如何演变的。在这段时间里,地球见证了两个超大陆的形成和分裂:潘诺西亚和盘古大陆。大陆已经从低洼的淹没平台转变为由过去大陆碰撞留下的伤痕纵横交错的高地陆地区域。海洋已经打开和关闭,然后在一个看似永无止境的循环中再次打开。在这段时间里,地球见证了两个超大陆的形成和分裂:潘诺西亚和盘古大陆。大陆已经从低洼的淹没平台转变为由过去大陆碰撞留下的伤痕纵横交错的高地陆地区域。海洋已经打开和关闭,然后以似乎永无止境的循环再次打开。在这段时间里,地球见证了两个超大陆的形成和分裂:潘诺西亚和盘古大陆。大陆已经从低洼的淹没平台转变为由过去大陆碰撞留下的伤痕纵横交错的高地陆地区域。海洋已经打开和关闭,然后在一个看似永无止境的循环中再次打开。

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过去 7.5 亿年间大陆和海盆的变化结构在 114 幅古地理地图中进行了说明。

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这些地图描述了地球表面如何因山地建设和侵蚀而不断变化。

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变化的古地理影响了全球气候、海洋环流和生命进化。

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详细描述了用于制作地图的数据和方法。

更新日期:2021-05-30
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