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Reactive Nitrogen Cycling in the Atmosphere and Ocean
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences ( IF 14.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-28 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-083120-052147
Katye E. Altieri 1 , Sarah E. Fawcett 1 , Meredith G. Hastings 2
Affiliation  

The budget of reactive nitrogen (Nr; oxidized and reduced inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen) has at least doubled since the preindustrial era due to human activities. Excess Nr causes significant detrimental effects on many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; less is known about the impact on the open ocean. Nr deposition may already rival biological N2 fixation quantitatively and will likely continue to rise. However, it is unclear how much of the Nr currently deposited to the ocean is external in origin. Understanding the importance of ocean Nr emissions versus external Nr deposition is key to quantifying the influence of deposition on ocean biogeochemistry and climate. This article reviews our understanding of the impacts of Nr deposition on the open ocean and the emissions of Nr from the ocean, placing particular emphasis on stable isotopes as a tool to investigate the surface ocean–lower atmosphere Nr cycle and its variations over time.

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The ocean has a dynamic exchange of reactive nitrogen with the atmosphere and is not just a passive recipient of nitrogen pollution from land.

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Tracing anthropogenic nitrogen deposition to the ocean is a challenge due to overlapping geochemical signatures with other nitrogen inputs.

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However, studies suggest an imprint of external (anthropogenic) nitrogen deposition in the Mediterranean Sea and North Pacific Ocean.

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Climate change will impact nitrogen emissions from the ocean through warming, acidification, stratification, and changes in food webs.



中文翻译:

大气和海洋中的活性氮循环

自工业化时代以来,由于人类活动,活性氮(Nr;氧化和还原的无机和有机形式的氮)的预算至少翻了一番。过量的 Nr 对许多陆地和水生生态系统造成严重的不利影响;对公海的影响知之甚少。Nr 沉积可能已经与生物 N 2相媲美定影数量并且可能会继续上升。然而,目前沉积在海洋中的 Nr 有多少是外部来源尚不清楚。了解海洋 Nr 排放与外部 Nr 沉积的重要性是量化沉积对海洋生物地球化学和气候影响的关键。本文回顾了我们对 Nr 沉积对公海的影响和海洋 Nr 排放的理解,特别强调了稳定同位素作为研究表层海洋 - 低层大气 Nr 循环及其随时间变化的工具。

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海洋与大气进行活性氮的动态交换,而不仅仅是陆地氮污染的被动接受者。

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由于地球化学特征与其他氮输入重叠,因此追踪海洋中的人为氮沉积是一项挑战。

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然而,研究表明地中海和北太平洋存在外部(人为)氮沉积的印记。

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气候变化将通过变暖、酸化、分层和食物网的变化影响海洋中的氮排放。

更新日期:2021-05-30
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