Inclusions of basaltic melt trapped inside of olivine phenocrysts during igneous crystallization provide a rich, crystal-scale record of magmatic processes ranging from mantle melting to ascent, eruption, and quenching of magma during volcanic eruptions. Melt inclusions are particularly valuable for retaining information on volatiles such as H₂O and CO₂ that are normally lost by vesiculation and degassing as magma ascends and erupts. However, the record preserved in melt inclusions can be variably obscured by postentrapment processes, and thus melt inclusion research requires careful evaluation of the effects of such processes. Here we review processes by which melt inclusions are trapped and modified after trapping, describe new opportunities for studying the rates of magmatic and volcanic processes over a range of timescales using the kinetics of post-trapping processes, and describe recent developments in the use of volatile contents of melt inclusions to improve our understanding of how volcanoes work.

在火成岩结晶过程中被困在橄榄石斑晶内的玄武岩熔体的包裹体提供了丰富的、晶体尺度的岩浆过程记录，从地幔熔化到火山喷发期间岩浆的上升、喷发和淬火。熔体夹杂物对于保留有关挥发物（如 H ₂ O 和 CO _2）的信息特别有价值当岩浆上升和喷发时，它们通常会因水泡和脱气而丢失。然而，熔体包裹体中保存的记录可能会因夹带后过程而不同程度地模糊，因此熔体包裹体研究需要仔细评估此类过程的影响。在这里，我们回顾了熔体包裹体在俘获后被俘获和改性的过程，描述了使用俘获后过程动力学研究一系列时间尺度内岩浆和火山过程速率的新机会，并描述了使用挥发性物质的最新进展。熔体夹杂物的含量，以提高我们对火山如何运作的理解。