Roasting of sulfide ores to produce sulfuric acid began on an industrial scale in the middle 1800′s and is still used extensively worldwide. The residual, pyrite cinders, have commonly been disposed in the environment where they pose a potential and serious threat to aquatic life. In this project, two profiles in a pyrite cinder deposit in Bergvik, Sweden, have been sampled and a comprehensive mineralogical characterization have been carried out. The objectives were to investigate the composition and morphology of pyrite cinder grains and the speciation of sulfur, Pb and Zn in the solid phase. Scanning electron microscopy showed pyrite cinder grains with a core of the ore minerals pyrite and sphalerite enclosed in layers of iron oxides/hydroxides (mainly hematite). XANES analysis, supported by X-ray diffraction analysis, SEM-EDS and bulk element analysis, showed that content of the residual sulfur in the cinder is mainly sulfides, 55–80%, predominately sphalerite. The remaining mass of sulfur is assumed to be adsorbed or precipitated as secondary sulfate minerals, predominantly associated with the grain surfaces. Calculated saturation indexes indicated barite, anglesite and perhaps aluminite. EXAFS spectroscopy indicated that about half of the Zn was bound to O and half was bound to S. LCF analysis of EXAFS spectra indicated that the main Zn species were sphalerite (40–50%) and franklinite (10–20%). The remaining Zn was associated with iron oxides/hydroxides and Zn minerals like hydrozincite or possibly zinc oxides. SEM-EDS analysis showed Pb precipitate located on both the surface of the grains and in the interior as inclusions. The analytical interpretation indicated anglesite.

硫化矿焙烧生产硫酸始于 1800 年代中期的工业规模，至今仍在世界范围内广泛使用。残留的黄铁矿渣通常被丢弃在对水生生物构成潜在和严重威胁的环境中。在该项目中，对瑞典 Bergvik 黄铁矿渣矿床的两个剖面进行了采样，并进行了全面的矿物学表征。目的是研究黄铁矿渣晶粒的组成和形态以及固相中硫、铅和锌的形态。扫描电子显微镜显示黄铁矿煤渣颗粒与矿石矿物黄铁矿和闪锌矿的核心包裹在氧化铁/氢氧化物层（主要是赤铁矿）中。XANES 分析，由 X 射线衍射分析支持，SEM-EDS 和块体元素分析表明，煤渣中残余硫的含量主要是硫化物，占 55-80%，主要是闪锌矿。剩余的硫被假定为吸附或沉淀为次生硫酸盐矿物，主要与颗粒表面有关。计算的饱和度指数表明重晶石、角铁矿和可能的铝铁矿。EXAFS 光谱表明大约一半的 Zn 与 O 结合，一半与 S 结合。 EXAFS 光谱的 LCF 分析表明主要的 Zn 种类是闪锌矿（40-50%）和富锌矿（10-20%）。剩余的锌与氧化铁/氢氧化物和锌矿物如水锌矿或可能的氧化锌有关。SEM-EDS 分析表明 Pb 沉淀物位于晶粒表面和内部，作为夹杂物。