An experiment was conducted in the Free Air Ozone and Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FAOCE) facility to study the impact of elevated O₃, CO₂ and their interaction on chickpea crop (cv. Pusa-5023) in terms of phenology, biophysical parameters, yield components, radiation interception and use efficiency. The crop was exposed to elevated O₃ (EO:60ppb), CO₂ (EC:550 ppm) and their combined interactive treatment (ECO: EC+EO) during the entire growing season. Results revealed that the crop’s total growth period was shortened by 10, 14 and 17 days under elevated CO₂, elevated O₃ and the combined treatment, respectively. Compared to ambient condition, the leaf area index (LAI) under elevated CO₂ was higher by 4 to 28%, whilst it is reduced by 7.3 to 23.8% under elevated O₃. The yield based radiation use efficiency (RUE_y) was highest under elevated CO₂ (0.48 g MJ⁻¹), followed by combined (0.41 g MJ⁻¹), ambient (0.38 g MJ⁻¹) and elevated O₃ (0.32 g MJ⁻¹) treatments. Elevated O₃ decreased RUE_y by 15.78% over ambient, and the interaction results in a 7.8% higher RUE_y. The yield was 31.7% more under elevated CO₂ and 21.9% lower in elevated O₃ treatment as compared to the ambient. The combined interactive treatment recorded a higher yield as compared to ambient by 9.7%. Harvest index (HI) was lowest under elevated O₃ (36.10%), followed by ambient (39.18%), combined (40.81%), and highest was under elevated CO₂ (44.18%). Chickpea showed a positive response to elevated CO₂ resulting a 5% increase in HI as compared to ambient condition. Our findings quantified the positive and negative impacts of elevated O₃, CO₂ and their interaction on chickpea and revealed that the negative impacts of elevated O₃ can be compensated by elevated CO₂ in chickpea. This work promotes the understanding of crop behaviour under elevated O₃, CO₂ and their interaction, which can be used as valuable inputs for radiation-based crop simulation models to simulate climate change impact on chickpea crop.

在游离空气臭氧和二氧化碳富集 (FAOCE) 设施中进行了一项实验，以研究升高的 O ₃、CO ₂及其相互作用对鹰嘴豆作物 (cv. Pusa-5023) 在物候学、生物物理参数、产量方面的影响组件、辐射拦截和使用效率。在整个生长季节，作物暴露于升高的 O ₃ (EO:60ppb)、CO ₂ (EC:550 ppm) 及其组合交互处理 (ECO: EC+EO)。结果表明，在高CO ₂、高O ₃和联合处理下，作物的总生育期分别缩短了10、14和17天。与环境条件相比，高 CO2 下的叶面积指数 (LAI)₂高出 4% 至 28%，而在升高的 O ₃下降低了 7.3% 至 23.8% 。基于产量的辐射利用效率 (RUE _y ) 在升高的 CO ₂ (0.48 g MJ ^-1 )下最高，其次是组合 (0.41 g MJ ^-1 )、环境 (0.38 g MJ ^-1 ) 和升高的 O ₃ (0.32 g MJ ^-1 ) 处理。升高的 O ₃使 RUE _y比环境降低15.78%，相互作用导致 RUE _y升高 7.8% 。在升高的 CO ₂下产量增加 31.7% ，在升高的 O ₃下产量降低 21.9%处理与环境相比。与环境相比，组合的交互处理记录了更高的产量 9.7%。收获指数 (HI) 在升高的 O ₃ (36.10%)下最低，其次是环境 (39.18%)，综合 (40.81%)，最高在升高的 CO ₂ (44.18%) 下。与环境条件相比，鹰嘴豆对升高的 CO ₂表现出积极的反应，导致 HI 增加 5%。我们的研究结果量化了升高的 O ₃、CO ₂及其对鹰嘴豆相互作用的正面和负面影响，并表明升高的 O ₃的负面影响可以通过升高的 CO ₂来补偿在鹰嘴豆。这项工作促进了对升高的 O ₃、CO ₂及其相互作用下作物行为的理解，可用作基于辐射的作物模拟模型的宝贵输入，以模拟气候变化对鹰嘴豆作物的影响。