The extraction of grape processing waste (wine pomace) via microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) from three different cultivars grown in Sicily (Syrah, Perricone, and Nero d’Avola) rapidly affords aqueous extracts highly concentrated in valued biophenols including flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids. The method does not employ organic solvent, acid, or base and does not require grinding or freeze-drying of the wine pomace nor separation of the grape skins from seeds and stem. All of the extracts have a pronounced stability, as shown by their red-violet color fully retained after storage for more than a year (15 months) in a freezer under air. Concentrations of phenolics up to 2000 ppm were detected in the aged extracts of Sicily’s local cultivar Perricone, which also has the highest content of flavonoids. These findings provide a simple and economically viable extraction route to biophenol-rich red extracts that can be used as food colorants as well as to formulate nutraceutical, cosmetic, and personal care products starting from an agricultural byproduct available in >10 million tonne yearly amount.

中文翻译：

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从葡萄加工废料中绿色快速提取稳定的富含生物酚的红色提取物

通过微波加氢扩散和重力 (MHG) 从生长在西西里岛的三个不同品种（西拉、佩里康内和黑达沃拉）中提取葡萄加工废物（酒渣），可快速提供高度浓缩有价值生物酚的水提取物，包括类黄酮、花青素、和酚酸。该方法不使用有机溶剂、酸或碱，并且不需要研磨或冷冻干燥酒渣，也不需要将葡萄皮与种子和茎分离。所有提取物都具有显着的稳定性，正如它们在空气中的冰箱中储存超过一年（15 个月）后完全保留的红紫色颜色所示。在西西里岛当地品种 Perricone 的陈年提取物中检测到酚类物质的浓度高达 2000 ppm，该品种的黄酮类化合物含量也最高。