Background: Substance use-related problems including cigarette smoking and alcohol use are among leading preventable risk factors for premature death. However, people with these problems did not get the appropriate treatment they need. Stigma against substance use could be the potential barrier for people with problematic substance use to seek professional help. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate magnitude and associated factors of perceived stigma towards problematic substance use.
Methods: A total of 2400 participants were screened using the Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener (CAGE) Adapted to Include Drugs (CAGE-AID) questionnaire. We found 540 participants screened positive for problematic substance use (alcohol, hashish, tobacco and khat) and interviewed them for perceived stigma using Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS). Logistic regression was used to examine associated factors with perceived stigma.
Results: Three hundred forty-five (63.9%) participants reported perceived stigma above the mean value of Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS). Variables positively associated with perceived stigma were lower wealth and joblessness, history of separation from family members before age of 18 years, poly-substance misuse and awareness about economic crisis of substance use.
Conclusion: Approximately, three in five people with problematic substance use perceived having been stigmatized by others. Health planning for problematic substance use should focus on stigma.



中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚西北部有问题物质使用的成年人的耻辱感和相关因素

背景：包括吸烟和饮酒在内的物质使用相关问题是过早死亡的主要可预防风险因素之一。然而，有这些问题的人没有得到他们需要的适当治疗。对物质使用的污名可能是有问题的物质使用的人寻求专业帮助的潜在障碍。因此，本研究的目的是调查对有问题的物质使用的感知污名的程度和相关因素。
方法：使用适应包括药物 (CAGE-AID) 问卷的减少、烦恼、内疚和大开眼界 (CAGE) 问卷对总共 2400 名参与者进行了筛选。我们发现 540 名参与者对有问题的物质使用（酒精、大麻、烟草和卡塔叶）进行了阳性筛查，并使用物质滥用的感知污名量表 (PSAS) 对他们进行了访谈，以了解他们感知到的污名。逻辑回归用于检查与感知污名相关的因素。
结果：三百四十五 (63.9%) 名参与者报告的感知污名高于物质滥用量表 (PSAS) 感知污名的平均值。与感知污名正相关的变量是较低的财富和失业率、18 岁之前与家人分离的历史、多种药物滥用和对药物使用经济危机的认识。
结论：大约五分之三的有问题物质使用的人被认为受到了他人的污名化。问题物质使用的健康规划应侧重于污名。