As the industries transit towards industrial integration and informatization, the many advantages from interdisciplinary collaborations come with added technical challenge, especially in large scale and complex systems. Different from typical objects, the interconnected power system is the largest system ever built in industrialized world. Since the development of Power System State Estimation (PSSE), it has predominantly been a centralized process that relies on consistent measurement data availability. In a centralized architecture, a single point of failure can impact the entire system. While in distributed topology, the damage could be decreased with exchanging information between neighboring sub-systems. In other fields, distributed architectures have been widely used to avoid this issue, however shallow number of works are reported in PSSE literature. This paper presents a distributed nonlinear PSSE innovation based model that uses an adaptive penalty parameter to improve the convergence and accuracy of the PSSE output such as bus voltage and bus phase. The alternating direction method of multipliers is modified and used to optimize the distributed PSSE while an innovation-based nonlinear model is used to represent the sub-areas composed measurement error. The distributed PSSE algorithm is tested on the IEEE-14 and 118-bus systems using load characteristics from the Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). Numerical results show that the penalty parameter successfully adapts to optimal condition and the objective function has better performance compared to state-of-the-art models after convergence. Easy-to-implement model towards industrialization, built on the weighted least squares (WLS) solution, without hard-to-design parameters, highlight potential aspects for real-life implementation.

随着行业向产业融合和信息化过渡，跨学科合作带来的诸多优势也伴随着技术挑战，尤其是在大规模复杂系统中。与典型物体不同，互联电力系统是工业化世界中最大的系统。自电力系统状态估计 (PSSE) 发展以来，它主要是依赖于一致的测量数据可用性的集中式过程。在集中式架构中，单点故障会影响整个系统。而在分布式拓扑中，可以通过在相邻子系统之间交换信息来减少损坏。在其他领域，分布式架构已经被广泛使用来避免这个问题，然而，PSSE 文献中报道的作品数量很少。本文提出了一种基于分布式非线性 PSSE 创新的模型，该模型使用自适应惩罚参数来提高 PSSE 输出（例如母线电压和母线相位）的收敛性和准确性。修改乘法器的交替方向方法并使用它来优化分布式PSSE，同时使用基于创新的非线性模型来表示子区域组成的测量误差。分布式 PSSE 算法使用德克萨斯电力可靠性委员会 (ERCOT) 的负载特性在 IEEE-14 和 118 总线系统上进行测试。数值结果表明，惩罚参数成功地适应了最优条件，并且收敛后与最先进的模型相比，目标函数具有更好的性能。