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Do flowers removed of either nectar or pollen attract fewer bumblebee pollinators? An experimental test in Impatiens oxyanthera
AoB Plants ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-27 , DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab029
Deng-Fei Li 1, 2 , Xian-Chun Yan 1 , Yi Lin 1 , Li Wang 1 , Qiong Wang 1
Affiliation  

Pollen and nectar are the primary rewards offered by flowers to pollinators. In floral visitors of some plant species, pollen thieves and nectar robbers cause the reduction in pollen grain number and nectar volume, respectively. However, it remains unclear whether the absence of either of the two rewards in a given flower reduces its attraction to nectar- and pollen-collecting pollinators. We hypothesized that flowers removed of either nectar or pollen would attract fewer pollinators. We studied protandrous Impatiens oxyanthera, whose flowers provide bumblebee pollinators with both nectar and pollen in the male phase. We conducted floral reward manipulation experiments to explore how the removal of either nectar or pollen from flowers influences pollinator behaviour by comparing their visitation rates and visit duration. Compared with the control flowers, the flowers removed of pollen attracted significantly more bumblebee pollinators per 30 min, but the flowers removed of nectar or those removed of both pollen and nectar attracted significantly fewer bumblebee pollinators per 30 min. Moreover, the visit duration of bumblebee pollinators to control flowers or flowers removed of pollen was longer than that to flowers removed of nectar or those removed of both pollen and nectar. Our investigations indicated that compared with control flowers, the flowers removed of nectar attracted fewer bumblebee pollinators, supporting our hypothesis. However, our other hypothesis that pollen removal would reduce pollinator visits was not supported by our results. Instead, compared with control flowers, the flowers that contained only nectar attracted more bumblebee pollinators. Nectar seems to be the main reward, and bumblebee pollinators mainly used the absence of pollen as a visual signal to locate I. oxyanthera flowers with a potentially higher amount of nectar.

中文翻译:

去除花蜜或花粉的花朵会吸引更少的大黄蜂传粉者吗?凤仙花的实验试验

花粉和花蜜是花朵提供给传粉者的主要奖励。在某些植物物种的花卉访客中,花粉窃贼和花蜜劫匪分别导致花粉粒数和花蜜量减少。然而,目前尚不清楚一朵花缺乏这两种奖励中的任何一种是否会降低其对花蜜和花粉收集传粉者的吸引力。我们假设去除花蜜或花粉的花朵会吸引更少的传粉者。我们研究了先发的凤仙花,它的花在雄性阶段为大黄蜂传粉者提供了花蜜和花粉。我们进行了花卉奖励操作实验,通过比较它们的访问率和访问持续时间,探索从花中去除花蜜或花粉如何影响传粉者的行为。与对照花相比,去除花粉的花朵每30分钟吸引的大黄蜂传粉者明显增多,而去除花蜜或同时去除花粉和花蜜的花朵每30分钟吸引的大黄蜂传粉者明显减少。此外,大黄蜂传粉者对控制花或去花粉花的访问时间长于去花蜜或去花粉和花蜜的花的访问时间。我们的调查表明,与对照花相比,去除花蜜的花吸引的大黄蜂授粉者较少,这支持了我们的假设。然而,我们的结果不支持我们的另一个假设,即去除花粉会减少传粉者的访问。相反,与对照花相比,只含有花蜜的花吸引了更多的大黄蜂传粉者。
更新日期:2021-05-27
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