LoRa has emerged in recent years as a wireless technology providing long-range communication for low-power Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. The LoRaWAN architecture adds the medium access control (MAC) and application layers, and defines a star of stars topology suitable for many and diverse IoT applications. However, in a number of scenarios, a more flexible network topology than LoRaWAN’s is needed. We review the state of the art of the design and implementation of multihop and mesh solutions for LoRa and LoRaWAN. We discuss the remaining challenges for multihop and mesh solutions to overcome in order to unlock the opportunities that decentralized, self-organizing, and infrastructure-less LoRa networks can bring to IoT applications.

中文翻译：

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Beyond the Star of Stars：LoRa 和 LoRaWAN 的多跳和网格介绍

近年来，LoRa 作为一种无线技术出现，为低功耗物联网 (IoT) 设备提供远程通信。LoRaWAN 架构添加了媒体访问控制 (MAC) 和应用层，并定义了适用于多种不同物联网应用的星形拓扑结构。然而，在许多场景中，需要比 LoRaWAN 更灵活的网络拓扑。我们回顾了 LoRa 和 LoRaWAN 的多跳和网状解决方案的设计和实施的最新技术。我们讨论了多跳和网状解决方案需要克服的剩余挑战，以释放去中心化、自组织和无基础设施的 LoRa 网络可以为物联网应用带来的机会。