In this article, we propose a self-gating radio frequency (RF) energy harvester (RFEH) for reaching a high-power harvesting efficiency (PHE) at a low incident RF power level with a high peak-to-average power ratio (high-PAPR) waveform. It includes a power switch between a cross-coupled rectifier and its supplied load to cut off the reverse leakage current in between the short power bursts. The power switch is dynamically controlled based on an indication of the ability of the RFEH to effectively charge the load at the instantaneous incident power level. This is achieved by comparing the load voltage with the open-circuit voltage of a replica rectifier. A comparator with optional proteresis (reversed hysteresis) is proposed for compensating its logic delay at the start and at the end of the short RF power bursts. As a result, the power switch is accurately turned on only during the power bursts. The self-gating RFEH was prototyped for 2.45-GHz wireless power transfer (WPT). It includes a cross-coupled rectifier with the proposed self-gating circuit fabricated in a 65-nm process, a discrete balun, a parasitic-aware-sized $\pi $ matching network, and an off-the-shelf power management unit (PMU) with maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Measurement results show sensitivity as low as −26.7 dBm with a peak PHE of 32.3% at −14.1-dBm incident power. Compared with the state-of-the-art works, the proposed design significantly improves the RFEH performance at the target low average incident power.

中文翻译：

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具有高 PAPR 入射波形的用于无线电力传输的自选控射频能量收集器

在本文中，我们提出了一种自选通射频 (RF) 能量收集器 (RFEH)，用于在具有高峰均功率比（高-PAPR) 波形。它包括在交叉耦合整流器与其供电负载之间的电源开关，以切断短功率突发之间的反向漏电流。根据 RFEH 在瞬时入射功率水平对负载进行有效充电的能力的指示，动态控制电源开关。这是通过将负载电压与复制整流器的开路电压进行比较来实现的。建议使用具有可选 proteresis（反向滞后）的比较器来补偿其在短射频功率突发开始和结束时的逻辑延迟。因此，电源开关仅在电源爆发期间准确打开。自选控 RFEH 的原型是用于 2.45 GHz 无线电力传输 (WPT)。它包括一个交叉耦合整流器和建议的自选通电路，采用 65 纳米工艺制造，一个分立的巴伦，一个寄生感知尺寸的 $\pi $ 匹配网络，以及具有最大功率点跟踪 (MPPT) 功能的现成电源管理单元 (PMU)。测量结果显示灵敏度低至 -26.7 dBm，在 -14.1-dBm 入射功率下的峰值 PHE 为 32.3%。与最先进的工作相比，所提出的设计显着提高了目标低平均入射功率下的 RFEH 性能。