Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a very toxic, flammable, and harmful gas. It may be formed naturally or be released into the environment due to human activities. Exposure of humans to a high level of H₂S leads to many hazardous effects. On the other hand, H₂S is produced in vivo and it has many physiological actions as the third physiological gas transmitter. Therefore, it is crucial to develop sensitive, selective, and easily operated sensors to monitor H₂S in its two-sided nature as toxic gas and as a physiological gas transmitter. Recently, the revolution in nanotechnology has a great impact on the development of many sensing techniques that adopt nanosensors for the detection of H₂S. Herein, we abridged the nanostructure-based electrochemical and optical sensors for H₂S in different matrices with a special emphasis on their advantages and applications. A discussion of the sensing mechanisms and the analytical features are also addressed. Finally, the future perspectives and recommended trends for H₂S detection are discussed.

硫化氢 (H ₂ S) 是一种剧毒、易燃和有害的气体。它可能是自然形成的，也可能是由于人类活动而释放到环境中的。人类暴露于高浓度 H ₂ S 会导致许多危险影响。另一方面，H ₂ S在体内产生，作为第三生理气体传递器具有多种生理作用。因此，开发灵敏、选择性和易于操作的传感器来监测 H ₂ S 作为有毒气体和生理气体变送器的两侧性质至关重要。最近，纳米技术的革命对许多采用纳米传感器检测H _{2 的}传感技术的发展产生了很大的影响。S. 在此，我们删减了不同基质中H ₂ S的基于纳米结构的电化学和光学传感器，并特别强调了它们的优势和应用。还讨论了传感机制和分析特征。最后，讨论了 H ₂ S 检测的未来前景和推荐趋势。