Scandinavian Economic History Review Pub Date : 2021-05-27 , DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1931429 Kasper Hage Stjern 1
ABSTRACT
This paper employs a case study of the Norwegian forest concession law of 1909 and concession policy from 1909–28 to examine the expansion of state resource regulation at the start of the 1900s. The case is studied by examining the main aims of the law and what concession policy was conducted for forests between 1909–28. The forest concession law of 1909 regulated the sale of forests, requiring all buyers of forest property larger than municipal limits to acquire concession. Strict limitations were set on domestic companies’ ability to purchase forests, while foreign companies were effectively barred. Non-local Norwegian citizens were also required to acquire concession. The forest concession law had four aims: (1) Improve local political and economic conditions, (2) Stop foreign acquisitions of forests, (3) Avoid monopolies and unhealthy competition, (4) Avoid speculation on forests. The Norwegian forest concession policy was, in nearly the entire period, to support local and municipal forest ownership and restrict both foreign and domestic companies’ ownership of forests. The law was similar to Finnish and Swedish forest regulations in promoting social goals such as protecting farmers and crofters but was somewhat more protective than the Finnish and Swedish regulations.
中文翻译:
1909 年的挪威森林特许权法和 1909-28 年的特许权政策
摘要
本文采用 1909 年挪威森林特许权法和 1909-28 年特许权政策的案例研究来检验 1900 年代初国家资源监管的扩张。通过检查法律的主要目标以及 1909-28 年间对森林采取的特许政策来研究该案例。1909 年的森林特许权法规范了森林的销售,要求所有购买超过市政限制的森林财产的买家都必须获得特许权。对国内企业购买森林的能力设置了严格的限制,而外国公司则被有效地禁止了。非当地的挪威公民也需要获得特许权。森林特许法有四个目标:(1)改善当地的政治和经济条件,(2)停止外国收购森林,(3) 避免垄断和恶性竞争, (4) 避免森林投机。几乎在整个时期内,挪威的森林特许权政策都是为了支持地方和市政府的森林所有权,并限制外国和国内公司对森林的所有权。该法律在促进保护农民和小农等社会目标方面类似于芬兰和瑞典的森林法规,但比芬兰和瑞典的法规更具保护性。