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Gene expression profiling reveals candidate genes for defining spider silk gland types
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103594
R Crystal Chaw 1 , Thomas H Clarke 2 , Peter Arensburger 3 , Nadia A Ayoub 2 , Cheryl Y Hayashi 1
Affiliation  

Molecular studies of the secretory glands involved in spider silk production have revealed candidate genes for silk synthesis and a complicated history of spider silk gene evolution. However, differential gene expression profiles of the multiple silk gland types within an individual orb-web weaving spider are lacking. Each of these gland types produces a functionally distinct silk type. Comparison of gene expression among spider silk gland types would provide insight into the genes that define silk glands generally from non-silk gland tissues, and the genes that define silk glands from each other. Here, we perform 3’ tag digital gene expression profiling of the seven silk gland types of the silver garden orb weaver Argiope argentata. Five of these gland types produce silks that are non-adhesive fibers, one silk includes both fibers and glue-like adhesives, and one silk is exclusively glue-like. We identify 1275 highly expressed, significantly upregulated, and tissue specific silk gland specific transcripts (SSTs). These SSTs include seven types of spider silk protein encoding genes known as spidroin genes. We find that the fiber-producing major ampullate and minor ampullate silk glands have more similar expression profiles than any other pair of glands. We also find that a subset of the SSTs is enriched for transmembrane transport and oxidoreductases, and that these transcripts highlight differences and similarities among the major ampullate, minor ampullate, and aggregate silk glands. Furthermore, we show that the wet glue-producing aggregate glands have the most unique SSTs, but still share some SSTs with fiber producing glands. Aciniform glands were the only gland type to share a majority of SSTs with other silk gland types, supporting previous hypotheses that duplication of aciniform glands and subsequent divergence of the duplicates gave rise to the multiple silk gland types within an individual spider.



中文翻译:

基因表达谱揭示了定义蜘蛛丝腺类型的候选基因

对参与蜘蛛丝生产的分泌腺的分子研究揭示了丝绸合成的候选基因和蜘蛛丝基因进化的复杂历史。然而,缺乏单个圆网编织蜘蛛内多种丝腺类型的差异基因表达谱。这些腺体类型中的每一种都会产生功能不同的丝类型。比较蜘蛛丝腺类型之间的基因表达,可以深入了解通常从非丝腺组织中定义丝腺的基因,以及从彼此定义丝腺的基因。在这里,我们对银园圆球织布者Argiope argentata的七种丝腺类型进行 3' 标签数字基因表达分析其中五种腺体类型产生的丝绸是非粘性纤维,一种丝绸包括纤维和胶状粘合剂,一种丝绸完全是胶状的。我们确定了 1275 个高度表达、显着上调和组织特异性丝腺特异性转录物 (SST)。这些 SST 包括七种类型的蜘蛛丝蛋白编码基因,称为蜘蛛蛋白基因。我们发现产生纤维的大壶腹丝腺和小壶腹丝腺具有比任何其他腺体更相似的表达谱。我们还发现 SST 的一个子集富含跨膜转运和氧化还原酶,并且这些转录本突出了大壶腹、小壶腹和聚合丝腺之间的差异和相似之处。此外,我们表明产生湿胶的聚集腺体具有最独特的 SST,但仍然与产生纤维的腺体共享一些 SST。腺体是唯一与其他丝腺类型共享大部分 SST 的腺体类型,支持先前的假设,即腺体的重复和随后的重复分叉导致单个蜘蛛内的多种丝腺类型。

更新日期:2021-06-05
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