This study investigated the relationship between R&D investments and financial and environmental performance. The direction, size, and significance of various phases of these variables were generated using the bootstrap Fourier quantiles Granger causality test. In our results, a positive relationship between R&D investment and CO₂ emission reductions was found at two tails of quantiles. Additionally, we observed a significantly positive relationship between financial performance and CO₂ emission reductions at the 0.5 quantile and above. The correlation between R&D investment and financial performance was identified to be positive under the 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.9 quantiles and negative under the 0.5 and 0.6 quantiles. The changing linkages among R&D investment, environmental performance and financial performance found in this study provide important information for policy makers, aiding in the development of R&D strategies to upgrade financial and environmental performance simultaneously.

中文翻译：

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通过 Bootstrap Fourier Quantiles Granger 因果检验将研发投资、财务和环境绩效联系起来

本研究调查了研发投资与财务和环境绩效之间的关系。这些变量的各个阶段的方向、大小和显着性是使用自举傅立叶分位数格兰杰因果检验生成的。在我们的结果中，在分位数的两个尾部发现了研发投资与 CO ₂减排之间的正相关关系。此外，我们观察到财务绩效与 CO ₂之间存在显着的正相关关系0.5 分位数及以上的减排量。研发投资与财务绩效之间的相关性在 0.3、0.4、0.5 和 0.9 分位数下被确定为正相关，而在 0.5 和 0.6 分位数下则为负相关。本研究中发现的研发投资、环境绩效和财务绩效之间不断变化的联系为政策制定者提供了重要信息，有助于制定同时提升财务和环境绩效的研发战略。