The olfactory system encompasses two perceptual pathways (orthonasal and retronasal) that activate the same receptors in the olfactory epithelium yet are thought to elicit different perceptions. Presently, a novel matching paradigm was employed using a non-food flavor set with low retronasal familiarity (honeysuckle, lavender, rose, and jasmine) to evaluate the effect of odor type on the Duality of Smell. Additionally, the influence of cognitive strategies used by subjects was assessed by manipulating the naming convention seen by the subjects: familiar (Honeysuckle, Lavender, Rose, Jasmine), unfamiliar (Inodora, Pedunculata, Beggeriana, Didymum), and generic (A, B, C, D). Subjects were presented with a reference, either in a vial (orthonasal delivery, ON) or a 2 oz. cup (retronasal delivery, RN) and instructed to match the same aroma from four unknowns, evaluated either by the same delivery route (congruent, e.g., ON-ON, RN-RN) or different route (incongruent, e.g., ON-RN, RN-ON) than the reference evaluation. All possible combinations of orthonasal and retronasal delivery for the reference and unknowns (e.g. ON-ON, RN-RN, ON-RN, RN-ON) were assessed by all subjects. Matching performance and signal detection measures indicated that, on average, subjects performed significantly better in the congruent conditions than in the incongruent conditions. These results suggest perceptual quality of aromas is route dependent and extend the Duality of Smell hypothesis to samples with low retronasal familiarity such as non-food odors. Labeling convention also had an impact on performance but, surprisingly, not in the direction anticipated. Indeed, as the information contained in the label decreased from familiar to generic reference names, performance increased. Moreover, depending on the labeling convention used, certain aromas were easier to match than others. The present research suggests odorant matching is a function of stimulus quality, cognitive strategy, and labeling convention.

嗅觉系统包括两个感知通路（鼻前和鼻后），它们激活嗅觉上皮中的相同受体，但被认为会引起不同的感知。目前，采用一种新的匹配范式，使用具有低鼻后熟悉度（金银花、薰衣草、玫瑰和茉莉花）的非食物风味组来评估气味类型对气味二元性的影响。此外，通过操纵受试者看到的命名约定来评估受试者使用的认知策略的影响：熟悉（金银花、薰衣草、玫瑰、茉莉）、不熟悉（Inodora、Pedunculata、Beggeriana、Didymum）和通用（A、B 、C、D)。向受试者呈现一个参考，无论是在小瓶（鼻腔给药，ON）中还是 2 盎司。杯（鼻腔给药，RN）并指示匹配来自四个未知物的相同香气，通过相同的传递途径（一致，例如，ON-ON，RN-RN）或不同的途径（不一致，例如，ON-RN，RN-ON）进行评估参考评价。所有受试者都评估了参考和未知物（例如 ON-ON、RN-RN、ON-RN、RN-ON）的所有可能的鼻腔和鼻后递送组合。匹配性能和信号检测措施表明，平均而言，受试者在一致条件下的表现明显优于在不一致条件下。这些结果表明香气的感知质量取决于路径，并将气味二元性假设扩展到具有低鼻后熟悉度的样品，例如非食物气味。标签惯例也对性能产生影响，但令人惊讶的是，并没有朝着预期的方向发展。事实上，随着标签中包含的信息从熟悉的参考名称减少到通用的参考名称，性能提高了。此外，根据使用的标签惯例，某些香气比其他香气更容易匹配。目前的研究表明，气味匹配是刺激质量、认知策略和标签惯例的函数。