To solve the problem of low absorption and welding surface collapse in the laser welding of the 6061 aluminum alloy, the powder was first added to the surface of the weld by laser cladding. The effect of laser cladding powder type on the microstructure and hardness of the 6061 aluminum alloy was studied. The results show that laser cladding of single Al powder, Si powder, and Ni powder can all improve laser absorption during laser welding of aluminum alloy, but each material has specific limitations, such as reducing the number of strong phases, generating other phases, and the nonevening of phases. Two kinds of mixed powder, Al:Si and Al:Ni, can overcome these limitations to a certain extent. Laser cladding with three kinds of mixed powder resulted in a better welding effect than when using two kinds of mixed powder or a single powder. By applying an extreme vertices design, the optimum ratio of Al-Si-Ni powder was determined as 0.737:0.185:0.078, resulting in the uniform microstructure of the weld without delamination. The mechanical properties test shows that the hardness of the laser cladding with powder was better than that without laser cladding powder, and the tensile strength of the weld was 83% of the base material.

中文翻译：

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用激光熔覆粉末激光焊接6061铝合金

为解决6061铝合金激光焊接中吸收率低和焊接面塌陷的问题，首先通过激光熔覆将粉末添加到焊缝表面。研究了激光熔覆粉末类型对6061铝合金组织和硬度的影响。结果表明，单一Al粉、Si粉和Ni粉的激光熔覆均能提高铝合金激光焊接过程中的激光吸收，但每种材料都有特定的局限性，如减少强相数量、生成其他相、相位的非傍晚。Al:Si和Al:Ni两种混合粉末可以在一定程度上克服这些限制。三种混合粉末的激光熔覆焊接效果优于两种混合粉末或单一粉末的焊接效果。通过极端顶点设计，Al-Si-Ni粉末的最佳配比确定为0.737:0.185:0.078，焊缝显微组织均匀，无分层。力学性能测试表明，粉末激光熔覆的硬度优于无粉末激光熔覆，焊缝的抗拉强度为母材的83%。