The roots of Clerodendrum phlomidis L.f. are known to be used as Agnimantha in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Whereas literature emerged from various texts reports other species of Premna as Agnimantha that leads to controversies in usage of authentic drug source. Hence this study aims to develop pharmacognosy characteristics to identify the authentic and substitute sources of Agnimantha. The Ayurvedic verses prescribed for Agnimantha are in compliance with Clerodendrum phlomidis, Premna serratifolia and Premna mollissima. Whereas the vertically fissured stem is found prominently in Clerodendrum phlomidis. Likewise cork region is composed of homogenous cells with grouped and scattered calcium oxalate crystals, without oils. Whereas heterogeneous cells with oils and scattered calcium oxalate crystals are found in Premna serratifolia and Premna mollissima. Similarly phytosterols found unique in Clerodendrum phlomidis roots. The developed HPTLC method serves as tool to identify and distinguish the authentic from substitute and adulterants. Enthrallingly quantitative HPLC analysis revealed the presence of verbascoside in all sources of Agnimantha and comparatively more in substitutes. Hence the study concludes that roots of Clerodendrum phlomidis is authentic source of Agnimantha, where Premna serratifolia and Premna mollissima forms the equivalent substitutes.

中文翻译：

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分类学，药理学和植物化学特征，以鉴定用作烈酒的真实和替代植物来源

众所周知，阿勒维德医学体系中的Clerodendrum phlomidis Lf的根被用作Agnimantha。各种文献中涌现的文献报道了Premna的其他种类，如Agnimantha，这导致在使用真实药物来源方面引起争议。因此，本研究旨在发展药理学特征以鉴定Agnimantha的真实来源和替代来源。阿格尼曼莎规定的阿育吠陀经文符合克罗氏菌，沙雷氏菌和软体动物。纵裂茎主要存在于Clerodendrum phlomidis。同样，软木塞区由均质细胞组成，草酸钙晶体成簇散布，无油。而在Premna serratifolia和Premna mollissima中发现了带有油和草酸钙分散晶体的异质细胞。相似地，植物固醇在Clerodendrum phlomidis根中也具有独特性。所开发的HPTLC方法可作为识别和区分真伪品和替代品和掺假品的工具。引人入胜的定量HPLC分析显示，在Agnimantha的所有来源中都存在马齿bas甙，而在替代品中则相对较多。因此，该研究得出的结论是，Clerodendrum phlomidis的根是Agnimantha的真实来源，那里的Premna serratifolia和Premna mollissima构成了等效的替代物。引人入胜的定量HPLC分析表明，在Agnimantha的所有来源中都存在马齿bas甙，而在替代品中则存在较多。因此，该研究得出的结论是，Clerodendrum phlomidis的根是Agnimantha的真实来源，那里的Premna serratifolia和Premna mollissima构成了等效的替代物。引人入胜的定量HPLC分析表明，在Agnimantha的所有来源中都存在马齿bas甙，而在替代品中则存在较多。因此，该研究得出的结论是，Clerodendrum phlomidis的根是Agnimantha的真实来源，那里的Premna serratifolia和Premna mollissima构成了等效的替代物。