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Biodegradation of foam plastics by Zophobas atratus larvae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) associated with changes of gut digestive enzymes activities and microbiome
Chemosphere ( IF 8.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131006
Liping Luo 1 , Yumeng Wang 1 , Hongqin Guo 1 , Yuhang Yang 1 , Nan Qi 1 , Xin Zhao 1 , Shuhong Gao 2 , Aifen Zhou 3
Affiliation  

In order to uncover the plastic types that superworm Zophobas atratus can degrade and the underlying changes associated with plastics consumption, three types of plastics including polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE) and polyurethane (PU) foam were used as sole feedstock to feed the superworm larvae for 35 days with bran as control. Compared to the control, PS- or PU-fed larvae showed 100% survival rates, the PE-fed and starvation larvae had decreased survival rates of 81.67% and 65%, respectively. Both plastics-fed and starvation groups showed decreased larvae weight. The consumption rates of PS, PE, and PU were 1.41, 0.30, and 0.74 mg/d/larva, respectively. The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric (DSC-TGA) analyses demonstrated the changes of functional groups and thermostability in frass compared to plastic feedstocks, indicating the partial oxidation and degradation of plastics. Among the gut digestive enzymes tested, protease showed increased activities in all plastics-fed groups. Gut microbial communities displayed significant relative abundance changes such as increased abundances of Enterococcus in all plastic-fed groups, Citrobacter in PE-fed group, Dysgonomonas and Sphingobacterium in PS-fed group, and Mangrovibacter in PU-fed group. The latter 3 genera were reported for the first time. In summary, the results demonstrated that Z. atratus could efficiently degrade both PS and PU foam plastics, and the plastic degradation was associated with changes of gut microbial communities and digestive enzyme activities.



中文翻译:

Zophobas atratus 幼虫(鞘翅目:Tenebrionidae)对泡沫塑料的生物降解与肠道消化酶活性和微生物组的变化有关

为了揭示超级蠕虫Zophobas atratus的塑料类型可以降解以及与塑料消耗相关的潜在变化,使用三种类型的塑料,包括聚苯乙烯 (PS)、聚乙烯 (PE) 和聚氨酯 (PU) 泡沫作为唯一原料,以麸皮为对照喂养超级蠕虫幼虫 35 天。与对照相比,PS 或 PU 喂养的幼虫显示出 100% 的存活率,PE 喂养和饥饿的幼虫的存活率分别降低了 81.67% 和 65%。塑料喂养组和饥饿组均显示幼虫体重下降。PS、PE 和 PU 的消耗率分别为 1.41、0.30 和 0.74 mg/d/幼虫。衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱 (ATR-FTIR) 和差示扫描量热仪和热重 (DSC-TGA) 分析表明,与塑料原料相比,纤维中的官能团和热稳定性发生了变化,表明塑料发生了部分氧化和降解。在测试的肠道消化酶中,蛋白酶在所有塑料喂养组中均表现出增加的活性。肠道微生物群落显示出显着的相对丰度变化,例如所有塑料喂养组中的肠球菌,PE喂养组中的柠檬酸杆菌,PS喂养组中的DysgonomonasSphingobacterium,以及PU喂养组中的Mangrovibacter。后3属为首次报道。总之,结果表明Z. atratus可以有效地降解PS 和PU 泡沫塑料,并且塑料降解与肠道微生物群落和消化酶活性的变化有关。

更新日期:2021-06-09
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