ABSTRACT

Introduction

The acquisition of resistance to VEGF-inhibiting therapies has prompted research toward immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Among several, checkpoint inhibitors including PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are the most promising approach.

Areas covered

This review addresses the clinical efficacy of the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab in first- and second-line treatment for mRCC regarding the most recent and significant published and ongoing studies. Attention is also given to its pharmacological characteristics as well as adverse events and its impact on patients’ quality of life.

Expert opinion

Immunotherapy has become the backbone for the treatment of advanced RCC. With the approval of several therapeutic options, research needs now to focus on defining the appropriate therapy for each patient. Axitinib plus pembrolizumab belongs to the combinations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) plus immune checkpoint inhibitors for the first-line treatment of metastatic RCC. New combinations of pembrolizumab plus TKI for the evaluation in first- and second-line treatment of mRCC available. However, studies directly comparing the various treatment regimens using predictive biomarkers and long-term endpoints, including treatment-free survival, are lacking.

中文翻译：

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派姆单抗用于治疗肾细胞癌

摘要

介绍

对 VEGF 抑制疗法的耐药性的获得促进了对用于治疗转移性肾细胞癌 (mRCC) 的免疫疗法的研究。在几种方法中，包括 PD-1 和 PD-L1 抑制剂在内的检查点抑制剂是最有希望的方法。

涵盖的领域

这篇综述讨论了抗 PD-1 单克隆抗体 pembrolizumab 在 mRCC 一线和二线治疗中的临床疗效，涉及最近和重要的已发表和正在进行的研究。还关注其药理特征以及不良事件及其对患者生活质量的影响。

专家意见

免疫治疗已成为治疗晚期肾细胞癌的支柱。随着几种治疗方案的批准，研究现在需要专注于为每个患者定义适当的治疗方法。阿西替尼加派姆单抗属于酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）加免疫检查点抑制剂的组合，用于一线治疗转移性肾细胞癌。派姆单抗加 TKI 的新组合可用于评估 mRCC 的一线和二线治疗。然而，缺乏使用预测性生物标志物和长期终点（包括无治疗生存期）直接比较各种治疗方案的研究。