Current restoration protocols for roadside cut slopes in South Korea involve hydroseeding with exotic species to achieve early greening and soil stabilization. However, exotic species can negatively affect adjacent native ecosystems. This study investigated the functional traits of early colonizers in slope restoration and surrounding environments to inform restoration methods that generate similar communities as those of native ecosystems. Slope vegetation (species density, species cover, upperstory species, canopy cover) and environment (aspect, angle, soil properties) were surveyed from the road edge to the forest boundary, and were classified as three distinct zones: a hydroseeded slope, a transition zone, and the forest edge. Naturally occurring species were classified into functional groups to examine dominant traits during early colonization. Hemicryptophyte or geophyte forest species and forest interior woody species were well established and dominant in transition zones and cut slopes. Potential native species for slope restoration can be identified by examining functional group species in the adjacent forest. These native species can achieve restoration goals and block invasive species in the same functional group. Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue), which is reported as an invasive alien species, rapidly spread after introduction for restoration. Thus, continuous monitoring for impact on native communities is required after sowing invasive alien species. Future slope restoration should consider native woody species and perennial forest sedge species that develop rhizomes, and reconsider the use of tall fescue. This study indicates that cut slopes can be appropriately managed to enhance the quality of habitats for native species.

中文翻译：

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使用功能组方法识别早期道路切割边坡再生的恢复物种

目前韩国路边切割斜坡的恢复协议涉及使用外来物种进行水力播种，以实现早期绿化和土壤稳定。然而，外来物种会对邻近的本地生态系统产生负面影响。本研究调查了早期殖民者在斜坡恢复和周围环境中的功能特征，为生成与本地生态系统相似群落的恢复方法提供信息。从道路边缘到森林边界对斜坡植被（物种密度、物种覆盖、上层物种、冠层覆盖）和环境（方面、角度、土壤特性）进行了调查，并将其分为三个不同的区域：水培斜坡、过渡带区和森林边缘。自然发生的物种被分为功能组，以检查早期殖民期间的主要特征。半隐生植物或土生植物森林物种和森林内部木本物种在过渡带和切割斜坡中建立并占优势。通过检查相邻森林中的功能群物种，可以确定用于斜坡恢复的潜在本地物种。这些本地物种可以实现恢复目标，并在同一功能组中阻止入侵物种。Festuca arundinacea（高羊茅）被报告为外来入侵物种，在引入恢复后迅速蔓延。因此，在播种外来入侵物种后，需要持续监测对本地社区的影响。未来的斜坡恢复应考虑本地木本物种和多年生森林莎草物种，这些物种会发育根茎，并重新考虑使用高羊茅。这项研究表明，可以适当管理削坡以提高本地物种的栖息地质量。