Objective This study aimed to validate a novel, three faced, colour-coded, action-oriented tool: The Stoplight Pain Scale (SPS). Methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted at a Canadian paediatric emergency department from November 2014 to February 2017. Patients aged 3 to 12 years and their caregivers were asked to rate pain using the SPS and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R). Pain was measured just before analgesia administration, 30 minutes after analgesia administration, and immediately following a painful procedure. Results A total of 227 patients were included; 26.9% (61/227) were 3 to 5 years old while 73.1% (166/227) were 6 to 12 years old. Using Cohen’s κ, agreement for SPS and FPS-R was ‘fair’ for children (0.28 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.20 to 0.36]) and ‘poor’ for caregivers (0.14 [95% CI 0.07 to 0.21]), at initial measurement. The SPS had ‘fair’ agreement between child and caregiver scores, (0.37 [95% CI 0.27 to 0.47]), compared to FPS-R which showed ‘poor’ agreement (0.20 [95% CI 0.12 to 0.29]). Absolute agreement between child and caregiver SPS scores improved with repeat exposure; 30 minutes after analgesia administration, caregivers and children had fair agreement (κ=0.38, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.48); they had moderate agreement directly following painful procedures (κ=0.46, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.59). Overall, 72.4% (139/192) of children and 60.2% (118/196) of caregivers preferred SPS over FPS-R. Conclusion The SPS demonstrates fair agreement with FPS-R for children and fair-moderate agreement between children and caregivers; agreement improved with repeat use. The SPS is simple and easy to use; it may have a role in empowering direct child and family involvement in pain management.

中文翻译：

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加拿大儿科急诊室红绿灯疼痛量表的心理测量特性评估

目的 本研究旨在验证一种新颖的、三面、颜色编码、以动作为导向的工具：交通信号灯疼痛量表 (SPS)。方法 2014 年 11 月至 2017 年 2 月在加拿大儿科急诊科进行了一项前瞻性观察性队列研究。要求 3 至 12 岁的患者及其护理人员使用 SPS 和修订的面部疼痛量表 (FPS-R) 对疼痛进行评分. 在止痛药给药前、止痛药给药后 30 分钟以及疼痛手术后立即测量疼痛。结果共纳入227例患者；26.9% (61/227) 为 3 至 5 岁，而 73.1% (166/227) 为 6 至 12 岁。使用 Cohen 的 κ，SPS 和 FPS-R 的一致性对于儿童（0.28 [95% 置信区间 {CI} 0.20 到 0.36]）是“公平的”，而对于照顾者来说是“差”（0.14 [95% CI 0.07 到 0.21]），在初始测量。与 FPS-R 的一致性较差（0.20 [95% CI 0.12 至 0.29]）相比，SPS 在儿童和照顾者得分之间具有“公平”的一致性（0.37 [95% CI 0.27 至 0.47]）。儿童和看护人 SPS 评分的绝对一致性随着重复接触而提高；镇痛给药后 30 分钟，照顾者和儿童的一致性较好（κ=0.38，95% CI 0.28 至 0.48）；他们在疼痛手术后直接获得了适度的一致性（κ=0.46, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.59）。总体而言，72.4% (139/192) 的儿童和 60.2% (118/196) 的护理人员更喜欢 SPS 而不是 FPS-R。结论 SPS 与 FPS-R 对儿童表现出公平的一致性，在儿童和看护人之间表现出公平适度的一致性；重复使用可提高一致性。SPS简单易用；