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“To be or not to be” located in a cluster?—A descriptive meta-analysis of the firm-specific cluster effect
The Annals of Regional Science ( IF 1.709 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-26 , DOI: 10.1007/s00168-021-01057-y
Nils Grashof , Dirk Fornahl

In the twenty-first century, clusters can be observed in most developed economies. However, the scientific results regarding the effect of clusters on firm performance are highly contradictive. The inconsistencies in the empirical results make it difficult to infer general conclusions about the firm-specific cluster effect, or in other words, the effect from being located in a cluster on firm performance (e.g. derived through the externalities within clusters). Therefore, this paper aims to reconcile the contradictory empirical findings. It investigates whether the prevalent assumption that clusters are a beneficial location for firms is unconditionally true or whether doubts about the alleged positive effect of clusters on firm performance are justified. By conducting a descriptive meta-analysis of the empirical literature, based on four different performance variables from four separate publication databases, the study investigates the direction of the effect as well as possible moderating influences. We find evidence for a rather positive firm-specific cluster effect. However, we identify several variables from the micro-, meso- and macro-level that directly or interactively moderate the relationship between clusters and firm success. For example, the results demonstrate that a negative firm-specific cluster effect occurs more frequently in low-tech industries than in high-tech industries. “To be or not to be” located in a cluster is therefore not the question, but it rather depends on the specific conditions.



中文翻译:

“存在还是不存在”位于集群中?-对企业特定集群效应的描述性荟萃分析

在二十一世纪,在大多数发达经济体中都可以观察到集群。但是,关于集群对公司绩效的影响的科学结果是高度矛盾的。实证结果的不一致使得难以推断出有关企业特定集群效应的一般结论,换句话说,很难得出结论:位于集群中对企业绩效的影响(例如,通过集群内部的外部性得出)。因此,本文旨在调和矛盾的实证结果。它调查了普遍认为集群是公司有利位置的前提是无条件的,还是怀疑集群对企业绩效的积极影响是否合理。通过对经验文献进行描述性的荟萃分析,基于来自四个单独的出版物数据库的四个不同的绩效变量,该研究调查了影响的方向以及可能的缓和影响。我们找到了对特定企业集群效应相当积极的证据。但是,我们从微观,中观和宏观层面确定了几个变量,这些变量直接或交互地调节了集群与企业成功之间的关系。例如,结果表明,与高科技行业相比,低技术行业的企业特定集群负面影响发生的频率更高。因此,位于集群中的“存在还是不存在”不是问题,而是取决于具体条件。我们找到了对特定企业集群效应相当积极的证据。但是,我们从微观,中观和宏观层面确定了几个变量,这些变量直接或交互地调节了集群与企业成功之间的关系。例如,结果表明,与高科技行业相比,低技术行业的企业特定集群负面影响发生的频率更高。因此,位于集群中的“存在还是不存在”不是问题,而是取决于具体条件。我们找到了对特定企业集群效应相当积极的证据。但是,我们从微观,中观和宏观层面确定了几个变量,这些变量直接或交互地调节了集群与企业成功之间的关系。例如,结果表明,与高科技行业相比,低技术行业的企业特定集群负面影响发生的频率更高。因此,位于集群中的“存在还是不存在”不是问题,而是取决于具体条件。结果表明,与高科技产业相比,低技术产业中企业特定的负面集群效应更容易发生。因此,位于集群中的“存在还是不存在”不是问题,而是取决于具体条件。结果表明,与高科技产业相比,低技术产业中企业特定的负面集群效应更容易发生。因此,位于集群中的“存在还是不存在”不是问题,而是取决于具体条件。

更新日期:2021-05-26
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