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Neuroplasticity associated with changes in conversational turn-taking following a family-based intervention
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100967
Rachel R Romeo 1 , Julia A Leonard 1 , Hannah M Grotzinger 1 , Sydney T Robinson 1 , Megumi E Takada 1 , Allyson P Mackey 1 , Ethan Scherer 2 , Meredith L Rowe 3 , Martin R West 4 , John D E Gabrieli 5
Affiliation  

Children’s early language environments are associated with linguistic, cognitive, and academic development, as well as concurrent brain structure and function. This study investigated neurodevelopmental mechanisms linking language input to development by measuring neuroplasticity associated with an intervention designed to enhance language environments of families primarily from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Families of 52 4-to-6 year-old children were randomly assigned to a 9-week, interactive, family-based intervention or no-contact control group. Children completed pre- and post-assessments of verbal and nonverbal cognition (n = 52), structural magnetic resonance imaging (n = 45), and home auditory recordings of language exposure (n = 39). Families who completed the intervention exhibited greater increases in adult-child conversational turns, and changes in turn-taking mediated intervention effects on language and executive functioning measures. Collapsing across groups, turn-taking changes were also positively correlated with cortical thickening in left inferior frontal and supramarginal gyri, the latter of which mediated relationships between changes in turn-taking and children’s language development. This is the first study of longitudinal neuroplasticity in response to changes in children’s language environments, and findings suggest that conversational turns support language development through cortical growth in language and social processing regions. This has implications for early interventions to enhance children’s language environments to support neurocognitive development.



中文翻译:

神经可塑性与家庭干预后对话轮流变化相关

儿童的早期语言环境与语言、认知和学术发展以及同时存在的大脑结构和功能有关。这项研究通过测量与旨在增强主要来自较低社会经济背景的家庭的语言环境的干预措施相关的神经可塑性,研究了将语言输入与发展联系起来的神经发育机制。52 名 4 至 6 岁儿童的家庭被随机分配到为期 9 周、以家庭为基础的互动干预组或无接触对照组。儿童完成了语言和非语言认知的前后评估(n = 52)、结构磁共振成像(n = 45)以及语言接触的家庭听觉记录(n = 39)。完成干预的家庭表现出成人与儿童对话轮流的更大增加,以及轮流介导的干预对语言和执行功能测量的影响的变化。在各组中,轮流变化也与左额下回和边缘上回皮质增厚呈正相关,后者介导了轮流变化与儿童语言发展之间的关系。这是针对儿童语言环境变化的纵向神经可塑性的第一项研究,研究结果表明,会话转向通过语言和社会处理区域的皮层生长支持语言发展。这对于改善儿童语言环境以支持神经认知发展的早期干预具有重要意义。

更新日期:2021-05-28
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