Progress on the national action plan of Pakistan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR): a narrative review and the implications,Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Progress on the national action plan of Pakistan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR): a narrative review and the implications
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 , DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1935238
Zikria Saleem ₁ , Brian Godman _{2,

3,

4} , Faiza Azhar ₅ , Aubrey C Kalungia ₆ , Joseph Fadare ₇ , Sylvia Opanga ₈ , Vanda Markovic-Pekovic ₉ , Iris Hoxha ₁₀ , Amna Saeed ₁ , Manal Al-Gethamy ₁₁ , Abdul Haseeb ₁₂ , Muhammad Salman ₁ , Ayaz Ali Khan ₁ , Muhammad Umer Nadeem ₅ , Inaam Ur Rehman ₅ , Muhammad Usman Qamar ₁₃ , Afreenish Amir ₁₄ , Aamer Ikram ₁₄ , Muhammad Azmi Hassali ₄

Affiliation

Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK.
School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town Malaysia.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine Tirana, Albania.
Alnoor Specialist Hospital Makkah, Department of Infection Prevention & Control Program, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Islamabad, Pakistan.

ABSTRACT

Introduction

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to public health. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced a global action plan to tackle AMR in the World Health Assembly. Pakistan’s national action plan (NAP) for AMR was released in May 2017 by the Ministry of National Health Services. Based on the NAP, strategies have been initiated on a national and provincial scale in Pakistan.

Areas covered

This narrative review of the five components of the Pakistan NAP has been undertaken to discuss some of the challenges in implementation of the NAP for AMR in Pakistan including different opinions and views of key stakeholders, combined with suggestions on potential ways to reduce the burden of the AMR.

Expert opinion

Going forward, healthcare authorities should focus on screening and monitoring of all the objectives of the NAP by establishing proper policies as well as promoting antimicrobial stewardship interventions and Infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Overall, the comprehensive strengthening of the healthcare system is required to adequately implement the NAP, tackle continued inappropriate antimicrobial use and high AMR rates in Pakistan.

中文翻译：

巴基斯坦抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）国家行动计划的进展：叙述性审查及其影响

摘要

介绍

抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 的出现对公众健康构成威胁。2015 年，世界卫生组织 (WHO) 在世界卫生大会上提出了一项应对 AMR 的全球行动计划。巴基斯坦国家卫生服务部于 2017 年 5 月发布了针对 AMR 的国家行动计划 (NAP)。在国家行动计划的基础上，巴基斯坦已经在国家和省级范围内启动了战略。