Resilience is a broad concept allowing us to understand health and well-being as a multidimensional process that continually grapples with a multitude of stressors. Currently, there are efforts across disciplines and scales to develop this concept of resilience. Unfortunately, individual and community resilience efforts tend to only abstractly conceptualize macroscale dynamics while social–ecological efforts tend to treat individuals and communities as nonindependent components of these macroscale dynamics. Combining these efforts is needed to create a robust dialog around resilience. This paper reviews and synthesizes social–ecological, community, and individual resilience literature by proposing longitudinal, multilevel models of resilience. In developing these models, some of the issues that have prevented synthesizing these literatures are resolved, including generalizability issues, within system variation, and the operationalization of social and natural and micro- and macroscale factors. Three brief examples are presented to elaborate on the utility of the multilevel model of resilience.

中文翻译：

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对弹性的多层次研究设计进行概念化

复原力是一个广泛的概念，它使我们能够将健康和幸福理解为一个多维过程，不断与众多压力源作斗争。目前，有跨学科和跨规模的努力来发展这种弹性的概念。不幸的是，个人和社区的复原力努力往往只抽象地概念化宏观动态，而社会生态努力往往将个人和社区视为这些宏观动态的非独立组成部分。需要将这些努力结合起来，以围绕弹性建立强有力的对话。本文通过提出纵向的、多层次的弹性模型，回顾并综合了社会生态、社区和个人弹性的文献。在开发这些模型时，一些阻碍综合这些文献的问题得到了解决，包括系统变异内的普遍性问题，以及社会和自然以及微观和宏观因素的可操作性。提供了三个简短的例子来详细说明多层次弹性模型的效用。