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A continuous model for coordinated pricing of mixed access modes to transit
Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2021.103208
Nicholas Fournier , Eleni Christofa , Eric J. Gonzales

The land-use pattern for many cities is a central business district surrounded by sprawling suburbs. This pattern can lead to an inefficient and congestion-prone transportation system due to a reliance on automobiles. This is because high-capacity transit is inefficient in low-density areas where insufficient travelers can access transit. This also poses an equity concern as the monetary cost of faster and more expensive travel disproportionately burdens low income travelers, especially when fixed congestion pricing is imposed. This paper presents a deterministic approximation of a discrete choice model for mixed access and mainline transportation modes, meaning that travelers may use different modes to access a mainline system, such as transit. The purpose is to provide a tractable computationally efficient model to address the first/last mile problem using a system-wide pricing policy that can account for heterogeneous values of time; a problem that is difficult to solve efficiently using a stochastic model. The model is structured for a catchment area around a central access point for a mainline mode, approximating choice by comparing modal utility costs. The underlying utility model accommodates both fixed prices (e.g., parking, fixed tolls, and fares) and distance-based unit prices (e.g. taxi fare, bike-share, and distance tolls) that may be set in a coordinated way with respect to value of time. Using numerical analysis to assess accuracy, the deterministic model achieved results within 3% of a stochastic logit-based model, and within 7% of measured values. The optimization of prices using the final model achieved a 22% reduction in generalized travel time and a 30% improvement in the Gini inequity measure from 0.2 to 0.14.



中文翻译:

连续定价的混合访问混合模式的连续模型

许多城市的土地利用模式是一个中央商业区,周围遍布着广阔的郊区。由于对汽车的依赖,这种模式可能导致低效且拥堵的运输系统。这是因为在旅客密度不足的低密度地区,高容量的过境效率低下。这也引起了公平的关注,因为更快和更昂贵的旅行的货币成本不成比例地给低收入旅行者带来负担,特别是在实行固定的拥堵定价时。本文提出了混合访问和干线运输模式的离散选择模型的确定性近似,这意味着旅行者可以使用不同的模式访问干线系统,例如公交。目的是提供一个易于处理的高效计算模型,以使用可计入时间异类值的全系统定价策略来解决最初/最后一英里的问题。使用随机模型难以有效解决的问题。该模型针对主线模式针对中央接入点周围的集水区而构建,通过比较模式公用事业成本来近似选择。基本的实用新型既适应了固定价格(例如,停车位,固定通行费和票价),又适应了基于距离的单价(例如,出租车费,自行车共享和距离通行费),这些价格可以相对于价值进行协调设置时间。使用数值分析评估准确性,确定性模型的结果在基于随机logit的模型的3%之内,在测量值的7%之内。

更新日期:2021-05-26
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