Aleurites moluccanus is used in folk medicine to treat many diseases including pain and inflammatory processes in general. Considering the potential of the leaf extract, evidenced in a previous study, the present study investigates the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the hydroethanolic extract of A. moluccanus bark and isolated compounds in animal models of pain. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of A. moluccanus bark were evaluated through hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, PGE2, cytokines, bradykinin, epinephrine, Freundʼs complete adjuvant, and lipopolysaccharide. Five compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane bark extract: acetyl aleuritolic acid, atraric acid, spruceanol, (5β,10α)-12-hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one and sonderianol. To optimize the extraction conditions, ethanol 50, 70, and 90°GL were used as extracting solvent, in a 1 : 20 (w/v) drug : solvent ratio, under stirring at room temperature for 4 h. The extracts were named AMC50, AMC70, and AMC90, respectively. These extracts were administered to mice (250 mg/kg, p. o.) with reduced mechanical hyperalgesia activity in the carrageenan test. Of these, AMC90 showed the best results. Pure (5β,10α)-12-hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one showed a beneficial effect for up to 48 hours after the administration of carrageenan, while acetyl aleuritolic acid was effective only in the first hour. AMC90 was able to reverse the analgesia induced only by prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor. We also induced hyperalgesia using the lipopolysaccharide and Freundʼs complete adjuvant models, with positive results. These results support the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of A. moluccanus bark extract. The observed effects are partly due to the presence of acetyl aleuritolic acid, atraric acid, and (5β,10α)-12-hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one.

中文翻译：

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油桐树皮水醇提取物的植物化学分析和镇痛特性

油桐在民间医学中用于治疗许多疾病，包括一般的疼痛和炎症过程。考虑到叶提取物的潜力，在先前的研究中得到证明，本研究调查了 A. moluccanus 树皮的水乙醇提取物和分离化合物在疼痛动物模型中的镇痛和抗炎特性。通过角叉菜胶、PGE2、细胞因子、缓激肽、肾上腺素、弗氏完全佐剂和脂多糖诱导的痛觉过敏来评估 A. moluccanus 树皮的镇痛和抗炎活性。从二氯甲烷树皮提取物中分离出五种化合物：乙酰基糊精酸、阿彻瑞克酸、云杉醇、(5β,10α)-12-羟基-13-甲氧基-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one 和sonderianol。为了优化提取条件，乙醇 50、70 和 90°GL 用作提取溶剂，药物与溶剂的比例为 1:20 (w/v)，在室温下搅拌 4 小时。提取物分别命名为 AMC50、AMC70 和 AMC90。将这些提取物施用于小鼠 (250 mg/kg, p. o.)，在角叉菜胶试验中具有降低的机械痛觉过敏活性。其中，AMC90 显示出最好的结果。纯 (5β,10α)-12-羟基-13-甲氧基-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one 在施用角叉菜胶后长达 48 小时内显示出有益效果，而乙酰丙酮酸仅在第一个小时。AMC90 能够逆转仅由前列腺素 E2 和肿瘤坏死因子诱导的镇痛作用。我们还使用脂多糖和弗氏完全佐剂模型诱导了痛觉过敏，并取得了积极的结果。这些结果支持 A. moluccanus 树皮提取物的镇痛和抗炎活性。观察到的影响部分是由于存在乙酰 aleuritolic 酸、atraric 酸和 (5β,10α)-12-羟基-13-甲氧基-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one。