Systemic inflammation markers have been linked to increased cancer risk and mortality in a number of studies. However, few studies have estimated pre-diagnostic associations of systemic inflammation markers and cancer risk. Such markers could serve as biomarkers of cancer risk and aid in earlier identification of the disease. This study estimated associations between pre-diagnostic systemic inflammation markers and cancer risk in the prospective UK Biobank cohort of approximately 440,000 participants recruited between 2006 and 2010. We assessed associations between four immune-related markers based on blood cell counts: systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and risk for 17 cancer sites by estimating hazard ratios (HR) using flexible parametric survival models. We observed positive associations with risk for seven out of 17 cancers with SII, NLR, PLR, and negative associations with LMR. The strongest associations were observed for SII for colorectal and lung cancer risk, with associations increasing in magnitude for cases diagnosed within one year of recruitment. For instance, the HR for colorectal cancer per standard deviation increment in SII was estimated at 1.09 (95% CI 1.02–1.16) in blood drawn five years prior to diagnosis and 1.50 (95% CI 1.24–1.80) in blood drawn one month prior to diagnosis. We observed associations between systemic inflammation markers and risk for several cancers. The increase in risk the last year prior to diagnosis may reflect a systemic immune response to an already present, yet clinically undetected cancer. Blood cell ratios could serve as biomarkers of cancer incidence risk with potential for early identification of disease in the last year prior to clinical diagnosis.

在许多研究中，全身炎症标志物与癌症风险和死亡率增加有关。然而，很少有研究估计全身炎症标志物和癌症风险的诊断前关联。这些标志物可以作为癌症风险的生物标志物，并有助于早期识别疾病。这项研究估计了 2006 年至 2010 年间招募的约 440,000 名参与者的前瞻性 UK Biobank 队列中诊断前全身炎症标志物与癌症风险之间的关联。我们根据血细胞计数评估了四种免疫相关标志物之间的关联：全身免疫炎症指数(SII)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比率 (NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞的比率 (PLR)、淋巴细胞与单核细胞的比率 (LMR)、通过使用灵活的参数生存模型估计风险比 (HR)，了解 17 个癌症部位的风险。我们观察到 17 种癌症中有 7 种与 SII、NLR、PLR 的风险呈正相关，而与 LMR 呈负相关。观察到 SII 与结直肠癌和肺癌风险的关联最强，在招募后一年内诊断出的病例的关联程度增加。例如，在 SII 中每增加一个标准差，结直肠癌的 HR 在诊断前 5 年抽取的血液中估计为 1.09 (95% CI 1.02-1.16)，在一个月前抽取的血液中估计为 1.50 (95% CI 1.24-1.80)来诊断。我们观察到全身炎症标志物与几种癌症风险之间的关联。诊断前最后一年的风险增加可能反映了对已经存在但临床上未检测到的癌症的全身免疫反应。血细胞比率可以作为癌症发病风险的生物标志物，有可能在临床诊断之前的最后一年早期发现疾病。